Imaginary and Complex Numbers
3. b is called the imaginary part (Im) of the complex number. 4. a + bi is often written as a + ib.
ACTIVITY ACTION CTION
Working with real and imaginary numbers
OBJECTIVE To pick out the real and the imaginary parts of complex numbers and to put them into sets
Y 4
Standard form of a complex number You must get used to putting every complex number in the standard form: z = (Real part) + (Imaginary part) i = Re + Imi
So, z = –6 + 2i is fi ne. It is in standard form. But, w = –2i + 6 is not in standard form. Rewrite it as w = 6 – 2i before doing anything else. z = –3 + 2i
z = 2 _
[Re = –3, Im = +2] 3 − √
__ 5 i
[Re = 2
_ 3 , Im = − √
__ 5 ]
z = –8 ⇒ z = –8 + 0i [Re = –8, Im = 0]
z = xi + 5 – 7i + 3q, x, q ∈ R z = (5 + 3q) + (x – 7)i
[Re = 5 + 3q, Im = x – 7]
All real numbers are complex numbers as are all imaginary numbers. 0 is the complex number 0 + 0i: 0 = 0 + 0i .
EXERCISE 2
1. Find the real and the imaginary parts of the complex numbers below by writing each one in standard from: a + bi = Re + Imi, where a, b ∈ R, i = √
___ –1 .
(a) 2 + 3i (b) 5 – 7i (c) – 6 + 5i (d) –7 – 4i (e) –3i (f) 7
__ 3
(a) 3 + 4i (b) 4 + 7i (c) 7 + 11i (d) 3 + 7i
(g) 1 __
(i) √ 2
2 + 3 __
2 i
(h) −8 + 3 __
(j) 3 __
__ 2 − √
√ 4 i
__ 3 i
i − 1 ___
__ 2
2. Write in the form: a + bi = Re + Imi and read off a, b ∈ R.
(e) 5 + 13i (f) –3 + 11i (g) –5i (h) – 6 + 9i
(i) 7 – 2i (j) 11 – 5i (k) –3 – 6i (l) –7 – 9i (m) –15 – 22i (n) –3 (o) 11i – 3 (p) –22i + 5
(q) √
__ 2 + 3i
(r) 3 + 2 √ 2 − i
(s) − 1 __
(t) − 3i __ 2 + √
__ 7
(u) 3 – xi + y, x, y ∈ R (v) x – 3i + yi, x, y ∈ R
3. Write in the form a + bi, and read off a, b ∈ R. (a) x – 3i + 2, x ∈ R (b) x + 7 – 2i, x ∈ R (c) xi + 7 – 2i, x ∈ R (d) y – xi + 5i, x ∈ R
13
__ 3 i
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