Relations and Functions
15 EXAMPLE 3
Write down the domain and range of the following function:
f : x = { 1, x even
Solution f (x) =
2, x odd , x ∈ { 1, x even 2, x odd , x ∈
The domain = {1, 2, 3, …} f (1) = 2 [1 is an odd number.] f (2) = 1 [2 is an even number.] f (3) = 2 f (4) = 1
The range is {1, 2}.
3. Co-ordinate notation y is often used instead of f (x) to facilitate the drawing of the graph of a function. y = f (x) = x 2 − 2x + 5, x ∈ So y = f (x) is the y co-ordinate corresponding to any given x co-ordinate.
EXAMPLE 4 For the function y = f (x) = x 2 − 2x + 5, fi nd f (−1), f (0), f (1), f (2) and f (3). Plot a graph of the function.
Solution y = f (x) = (x)2 − 2(x) + 5 f (−1) = (−1)2 − 2(−1) + 5 = 8 (−1, 8) is a point on the graph. f (0) = (0)2 − 2(0) + 5 = 5 f (1) = (1)2 − 2(1) + 5 = 4 f (2) = (2)2 − 2(2) + 5 = 5 f (3) = (3)2 − 2(3) + 5 = 8
(0, 5) is a point on the graph. (1, 4) is a point on the graph. (2, 5) is a point on the graph. (3, 8) is a point on the graph.
y
4 6 8
2 –1 123 x If you plot the points (x, y) = (x, f (x)), you generate the graph of the function y = f (x).
4. Graphical approach A function y = f (x) can be plotted as a graph with the values in the domain on the x-axis and the values in the range (the images) on the y-axis.
EXAMPLE 5 Using the graph shown of y = f (x), fi nd the values for f (−1) and f (0·5).
Solution f (−1) = the value of the y co-ordinate when the x = −1. f (−1) = 0 f (0·5) = the value of the y co-ordinate when x is 0·5.
y 2·25 –1 P y = f (x) 0·5 1
This can be read off the graph by drawing the line x = 0·5 to intersect the graph at the point P and reading off the y co-ordinate of this point from the y-axis. f (0∙5) = 2∙25
233 2 x y = f (x)
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