Index J


Japan case study earthquake/tsunami 38–40


impact of an ageing population 434–435 technology 435


jet streams 249


joints (limestone) 61, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79


K


kame 159 kaolin 76 karren 79


karst landscapes 78, 81–82 kettle hole 159 knick points 165


Kolkata, growth of, case study 381–383


Government 383 historical factors 381–382 physical growth 382 socio-economic 382–383


L


laccolith 19 lagoon 135 lahars 22, 91 Lahinch case study coastal protection 138–139 land use zone 500 land use, changes in 509–511 planning issues 512–513 rural areas


pressure on, from expanding cities 515 agriculture 515 environment 515 heritage and culture 515 social 515–516


land values in cities 513 influence on land use 514–515


landslide 92


language regions, changes in boundaries and extent of 399


lava 16, 17, 18 leaching 269


LEADER Programme 296, 305, 343 lee slope 157 levee 114, 115 artificial 121


Limerick case study 493–494 defensive function 493 industrial function 494 port function 494 limestone 60–61 limestone pavements 79 limon soils 318 liquefaction 34, 94 lithification 57, 58, 60 lithosphere 2, 4 local government in 250–251


Local Government planning and Development Act 2000 524 longshore drift 133, 136 lopolith 19 Los Angeles case study air quality 527


M


Macroom case study 483–484 magma 4, 8, 14, 15, 19, 23, 48, 57, 58 mantle 2 marble 63


marine delta 117 marram grass 139 meanders 111


incised (entrenched/ingrown) 165–166


medieval priories, abbeys 487 megacity 469 megalithic tombs 485 megathrust earthquake 30 Mercalli, Guiseppe (Mercalli scale) 33 mesosaurus 2 metamorphic rocks 57, 58, 63–64, 65 meteorology 212, 220–222 natural disasters 221–222 Mezzogiorno region 337


human processes organised crime 356 population birth rate 353 density/distribution 354–355 urbanisation 356–357


physical processes 338–339


primary economic activities agriculture 340–343 Cassa per il Mezzogiorno 343 challenges facing 343


fishing 344 forestry 344


aquaculture 344


secondary economic activities manufacturing 346–349 Cassa per il Mezzogiorno 348


tertiary economic activities tourism 350–351


benefits and challenges 351 cultural and historical factors 350


Government/EU policy 350–351


physical factors 350 transport


EU support 352 future developments 353 improvements 352 physical factors 351–352 political factors 352 socio-economic factor: population 352


Mezzogiorno region case study


population distribution and density 423–424


physical factors 423 socio-economic factors 423–424


Mid-Atlantic Ridge 3, 7–8, 15, 19, 23, 30


mid-ocean ridge 3, 7, 15


Midlandian glaciation see under glaciation migration 459


and donor regions 460 socio-economic impacts 460


and host regions 461 socio-economic impacts 461


issues arising ethnic 475–476 racial 476 religious 477


net migration 462


rural-to-urban in the developed world 466


rural-to-urban in the developing world 469


Mississippi River case study 119–122 moho 1


Mohorovicic, Andrija 1 monasteries and round towers 486 monoculture 444 moraine 148, 155–156 mort lake 116 mortality rates


child mortality 432 crude death rate 432 infant mortality 432


and life expectancy in developed countries 433 in developing countries 435–436 socio-economic impacts 436 maternal mortality 432


movements 47 mudflow 91


multiple nuclei theory 506 and Dublin 507 multiplier effect 324 Mumbai case study 449–451


overpopulation causes 449–450 impacts, population density 450–451


Munsterian glaciation see under glaciation


N


National Broadband Strategy 302 National Grid 170


National Planning Framework (NPF) 524


Nevado del Ruiz case study 91


newly industrialised countries (NICs) 456


nimbostratus clouds 214 nivation 150, 152


nodal regions see urban regions nodal site 481 North Atlantic Drift 249 North European Plain 317, 319


Northern and Western Regional Authority 290


Northern Ireland case study


region associated with religion 255–256


nuées ardentes 22 nunatak 148


O


occluded front (occlusion) 214 ocean currents 249 ocean trench 5


oceanic climate case study 248–249 oceanic crust 1 oceanic plate 6, 7 Office of Public Works 305 offshore bar 135 old dependency ratio 311 onglacial 155 Orange Order 256 Ordinance Datum (OD) 178 Ordinance Survey Ireland (OSI) 170 orogeny 47 OS map


area calculation 176–177 curved line distance 175 direction 174 grid reference 172–173 height calculation 178 interpretation of 184–187 legend 171 scale 172 slope 179–180 straight line distance 175 tourist attractions 186 urban functions 187


outwash plain 160 overgrazing in the west of 95 oxbow lake 116


oxidation 75 P


Pacific Ring of Fire 4 paired terrace 166 pandemic 427 Pangaea 2–3 parallel drainage 103 Paris Basin 316 human processes birth rate 329


population characteristics 329 migration 330–331 urbanisation 331


physical processes 317–318


primary economic activities agriculture 319–321 energy 321


secondary economic activities manufacturing, challenges facing 325


physical factors 322 socio-economic factors 323–325


tertiary economic activities tourism 326 accessibility 326 attractions 326–327 terror attacks, challenges from 327


transport


future planning 328 physical factors 327 socio-economic factors 327–328


Paris case study


city growth 331–333 history 332 location 331–332 political factors 333 socio-economic factors 332–333


passive plate margins 65 pater noster lakes 154 peak land value intersection 513 peneplain 167 per capita income 449 percolation 79, 81 peripheral region 290 permafrost 89 permeable rock 267 pie chart 229–230 pillars 81 plankton 297


Planning and Development Act 2000 312


plantations 482 plate boundaries 4, 5


convergent (destructive) 5–6, 15, 17, 30, 46, 51, 59


divergent (constructive) 6, 7, 15, 30, 50, 58 transform 8, 30, 52


Pleistocene glaciation see under glaciation


plucking (ice) 149 plug and feather 66 plutonic features (plutons) 19 plutonic rocks 58 pocket beach 136 podzol soil 267 point bar 111, 112 polar front 213 population


impact of income levels on 449


impact of resource development on 441


impact of society and culture on 446 impact of technology on 451–454


559


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