Examine the map and legend showing the extent of the materials deposited as a result of the eruption of the Mount St Helens volcano and answer the following questions.
(i) What were the most extensive deposits as a result of the eruption?
4 marks
(ii) What was the direction of the pyroclastic flow deposits? 4 marks
(iii) What distance did the pyroclastic flow deposits extend to? 4 marks
(iv) Name two examples of pyroclastic materials.
2 × 2 marks
(v) Explain briefly why some volcanoes erupt violently.
2 × 2 marks 6. Volcanoes
Major flight problems The ash cloud from a volcano erupting under the Eyjafjallajökull glacier continues to disrupt flights across northern Europe.
Examine the data above relating to the Eyjafjallajökull volcano which erupted in April 2010 and answer the following questions:
(i) What approximate height did the volcanic ash cloud rise to? (ii) How many cubic metres of ash were ejected by the volcano?
(iv) Briefly explain why volcanic activity occurs in Iceland.
4 marks 4 marks
(iii) Name two countries not named on the map which had full or partial airspace closures.
2 x 4 marks 4 marks
2011, Part Two, Section 1, Q3A (30 marks) 27
This eruption caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe over an initial period of six days in April 2010.
The second phase of the eruption started on 14th April 2010 and resulted in an estimated 250 million cubic metres of ejected ash. The ash cloud rose to a height of approximately 9 kilometres.
By 21st May 2010, the second eruption phase had subsided to the point that no further lava or ash was being produced.
