Landscapes CASE STUDY: THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY KEYWORDS


hinterland expansion urban sprawl segregation decline renewal


employment history planning


The origins of Dublin date back to the establishment of a monastic settlement in the 6th century. However, it was with the arrival of the Vikings in the 9th century that the city as we know it today began to evolve.


Location


From its early years, a number of physical factors influenced Dublin’s growth and development. Expansion to the east was limited by the Irish Sea, while the upland relief of the Wicklow Mountains formed a natural barrier to the south. The large expanses of lowland to the west, north and north-west allowed Dublin to grow outwards. The River Liffey, flowing through the lowland, was a natural obstacle bisecting the region, but the construction of bridges helped to overcome this (Fig. 18.21).


In the 18th and 19th centuries, canals (the Grand and Royal) were constructed on lowland to the west, facilitating the transportation of raw materials and manufactured goods to and from many parts of Ireland.


Royal Canal


Royal Canal


R. Liffey R. Liffey


Grand Canal Grand Canal


Dublin-Wicklow Mountains


Dublin-Wicklow Mountains


0 510 kilometres


0 510 kilometres


In the 20th century, the lowland relief also allowed the development of an excellent motorway network, featuring flyovers and bridges.


The rich agricultural hinterland surrounding the city supplied the raw materials for a wide range of food processing industries, offering employment and attracting settlement.


Dublin’s location at the lowest bridging point on the River Liffey meant the city soon developed into a major port. Maritime-related activities provided employment and attracted settlement.


Railways Railways


Cork and Galway Rosslare Belfast


Cork and Galway Rosslare Belfast


 Fig. 18.21 Sketch map showing physical and transport factors influencing the development of Dublin.


19th century 6th century


An early Christian monastic settlement was founded on the banks of the Liffey.


12th century


From the 12th century, the city was the centre of British Rule in Ireland.


The Act of Union in 1800 had a disastrous impact on the city with many of the great houses turned into tenements. These were to be a blight on the city well into the 1960s.


The opening of the Dublin and Kingstown rail link in 1834 opened up the south city area to development, while the Malahide link opened in 1884 facilitating northward expansion.


9th century


The Vikings established Dublin as a trading centre.


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18th century


As the city prospered and expanded, large Georgian squares and streets were developed (Fig. 18.22).


20th century


Rapid expansion led to the development of new suburbs (e.g. Tallaght) and the beginning of urban sprawl.


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