Landscapes EXAM LINK (HL) Urban Growth – Developing World City (30 marks)
Problems can develop from the growth and expansion of urban centres.
Discuss this statement with reference to one developing world city that you have studied.
2016, Q11C CHECK YOUR LEARNING
1. Name any two global cities that are rapidly expanding. 2. Identify four problems that continued growth has caused in a named developing world city.
3. Examine any two of these problems in detail.
KEYWORDS new cities
carbon footprint sustainable hubs
integrated travel congestion charges electric vehicles cycling
smart buildings street lighting waste water
open space rising sea levels expansion
The Future of Urbanism
In 2016, 23% of the global population lived in cities with at least one million inhabitants. Within the next 30 years, more than two billion people will move to urban areas. This will involve existing cities expanding but it will also result in the creation of new urban centres. In China, new cities under construction give an insight into how cities will develop and adapt in the future. Cities will have to continue to reduce their carbon footprint, become more sustainable and ensure a good quality of life for citizens. Issues facing cities of the future include transport and environment.
Transport
Future planning should involve the creation of local hubs where employment and services might be concentrated, reducing the need for people to commute over distance and reducing transport-related emissions. Addressing traffic congestion and achieving zero carbon emissions will dominate transport policy.
Integrated travel: Properly linked-up public transport systems that allow people to change from bus to tram to train using the same payment method lead to greater use (e.g. Leap Card, Dublin).
Congestion charging: Charging people for driving on busy roads at peak times will encourage them away from cars and on to public transport.
Electric vehicles: As electric cars are developed, increased charging points and possible hire schemes for small electric vehicles will see greater usage and result in cleaner air (e.g. Los Angeles; Fig. 30.26).
Fig. 30.26 Electric vehicles charging.
Marking Scheme:
Example of developing world city = 2 marks Problems identified = 2 + 2 marks Discussion = 12 SRPs × 2 marks
