42 SKIN INFLAMMAGING


Control ■ 1% Ectoin® natural ■ Cream with 0.5% Ectoin ■ 60


50 45 40 30 20 10 0 0 Day 2 Day 3 Figure 4: Average values of skin redness


3. Downregulation of cytokines, interleukin (IL)- 1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (in vivo) The efficacy of Ectoin in downregulating cytokines, interleukins and TNF- α has been proven with two clinical trials. The first clinical trial was conducted on patients suffering from chronic lung inflammation and the second clinical trial was conducted on patients suffering from chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.. These inflammatory and proinflammatory


mediators are key components of the inflammatory cascade, frequently upregulated in response to tissue injury, allergic reactions and chronic inflammatory conditions. Both these clinical trials have demonstrated


that Ectoin down-regulates the expression of key inflammatory mediators, particularly: ■ Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α): reduced by 30% ■ Interleukin-6 (IL-6): reduced by 50% ■ Interleukin-8 (IL-8): reduced by 45% ■ Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α): reduced by 40% Ectoin effectively modulates inflammatory


cytokines and interleukins (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), thereby showing excellent efficacy and tolerability for clinical use.


Conclusion Ectoin natural presents a powerful, clinically validated solution to combat skin inflammaging by targeting its core mechanisms—cytokine overexpression, oxidative stress, and impaired barrier function. It demonstrates significant downregulation of key pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1α (↓30%), IL-6 (↓50%), IL-8 (↓45%), and TNF-α (↓40%), effectively interrupting chronic low- grade inflammation linked to aging. In both short- and long-term in vivo


studies, Ectoin improved skin hydration, reduced erythema, and enhanced barrier integrity with efficacy comparable to


PERSONAL CARE November 2025 Day 5 Day 7 Figure 5: Reduction of TEWL


hydrocortisone, but with superior safety and tolerability. Its threefold action—preventing inflammation, treating active flare-ups, and promoting repair—positions Ectoin as a next-generation bioactive for maintaining skin health, longevity and resilience against external stressors in both cosmetic and therapeutic applications. At the molecular level, Ectoin inhibits


NF-κB activation, modulates MAPK signaling and mitigates ROS accumulation, protecting keratinocytes from premature senescence. Its threefold mechanism—prevention, treatment, and repair—restores cytokine homeostasis, strengthens the epidermal barrier, and supports long-term tissue regeneration. These combined effects position Ectoin


as a scientifically substantiated solution for preserving skin health, promoting resilience against external stressors and delaying inflammaging-related dermatological conditions such as atopic dermatitis, eczema, and photoageing.


References 1. Krutmann J et al. The role of extremolytes in skin protection: Molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence. J Dermatol Sci. 2020;98(3):123–131


PC


2. Jantschitsch C et al. Ectoine reduces cytokine expression in human keratinocytes exposed to environmental stress. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(6):625–632


3. Kennedy BK et al. Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell. 2014; 159, 709–713


4. Vierkotter A, Krutmann J. Environmental stress and skin aging: Protective role of compatible solutes. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):264–270


5. Giunta S. Is inflammaging an auto[innate] immunity subclinical syndrome?. Immunity and Ageing. 2006; vol. 3, article 12


6. Nathan C, Ding C. Nonresolving inflammation. Cell. 2010; vol. 140, no. 6, pp. 871–882


7. Tauber AI. Timeline: Metchnikoff and the phagocytosis theory. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2003; 4, 897–901


8. Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2011; 29, 415–445


9. Hotamisligil GS, Erbay E. Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2008; 8, 923–934


10. Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature. 2017; 542, 177–185


11. Navarrete A, van Schaik CP, Isler K. Energetics and the evolution of human brain size. Nature. 2011; 480, 91–93


12. Vescovini R et al. Naïve and memory CD8 T cell pool homeostasis in advanced aging: impact of age and of antigen-specific responses to cytomegalovirus. Age (Dordr.) 2014; 36, 625–640


13. Huang S et al. Saturated fatty acids activate TLR-mediated proinflammatory signaling pathways. J. Lipid Res. 53, 2002–2013 (2012).


14. Butcher SK, Lord JM. Stress responses and innate immunity: aging as a contributory factor. Aging Cell. 2004; vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 151–160


15. Buommino E, Schiraldi C, Baroni A, Paoletti I, Lamberti M, De Rosa M, Tufano MA. Ectoine from halophilic microorganisms induces the expression of hsp70 and hsp70B’ in human keratinocytes modulating the proinflammatory response. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2005; Autumn;10(3):197-203


16. Nakagawa N et al. Modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling by extremolytes: Implications for skin inflammaging. Biochem Pharmacol. 2021;183:114335


www.personalcaremagazine.com (Baseline) t0


t1 (After tape Stripping)


t2 (4 hrs) Time interval t3 (24 hrs) t4 (48 hrs) 30 Cream with 0.5% Ectoin ■ 60


15


Improvement of redness (%)


TEWL mean values g/m2


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