36 MARINE INGREDIENTS
collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid), facilitate regenerative capacity and tissue/wound repair, enhance barrier function and skin integrity/ elasticity, as well as being microcidal against pathogen bacteria (e.g. S. aureus) while supporting a healthy skin microbiome.
Magnesium: a valuable mineral Magnesium, in particular, is a vital mineral for the skin microbiome, with unique properties that support a balanced, healthy skin ecosystem. The skin microbiome consists of a diverse range of microorganisms (like bacteria, fungi, and viruses (e.g. phage) that play a crucial role in protecting the skin barrier, regulating immune responses, and maintaining skin health. Magnesium is a valuable mineral for supporting a healthy skin microbiome, as it strengthens the skin barrier, reduces inflammation, maintains a balanced pH, and protects against environmental stressors. In addition, marine magnesium boosts skin
immunity and defences as it is a key player in immune function, including the skin’s immune response. It helps regulate the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are proteins that defend against harmful microbes without disrupting beneficial bacteria. A well-functioning immune system on the skin surface allows the microbiome to stay balanced, as it can keep opportunistic pathogens in check without harming beneficial microorganisms. This regulation is crucial for conditions like acne and eczema, where microbial imbalances can trigger flare-ups. Regular use of magnesium-rich products
can help improve skin resilience, creating a favourable environment for beneficial microorganisms while deterring harmful ones. This balance is key to healthy, radiant skin and can be particularly beneficial for those with sensitive or problem-prone skin. Magnesium also protects against
environmental stressors (exposome) by acting as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals caused by environmental stressors like pollution, UV exposure, and stress. Free radicals can damage the skin barrier, leading to an imbalanced microbiome. By reducing oxidative stress, magnesium supports a stable skin environment where beneficial microbes can flourish while minimizing the conditions that favour harmful microbial overgrowth.
Magnesium and epigenetics The interplay between magnesium and epigenetics is gaining attention in biomedical research, with evidence suggesting that magnesium may beneficially influence epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression and impact cellular functions. Magnesium serves as a cofactor for enzymes
involved in DNA synthesis and repair, indirectly affecting the availability of substrates for DNA methylation. Aberrations in magnesium levels may alter DNA methylation patterns, influencing gene expression. Moreover, magnesium-dependent enzymes
may play roles in histone acetylation and methylation, key processes in chromatin remodelling and gene regulation. Magnesium’s
PERSONAL CARE May 2025
role in reducing oxidative stress may impact epigenetic pathways, as oxidative stress can lead to abnormal epigenetic changes. The principle magnesium transporter in
skin is the TRPM7 channel-kinase and its role in chromatin remodelling has been the subject of advanced molecular research. TRPM7 (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7) is a unique protein that combines ion channel and kinase functionalities, influencing magnesium homeostasis, cellular signalling, and gene regulation.
TRPM7 is crucial for cellular magnesium
uptake, which is essential for DNA synthesis, repair, and chromatin remodelling, while balancing intracellular calcium levels. This regulates magnesium levels needed for chromatin-associated enzymatic activities. Furthermore, the kinase domain of TRPM7 phosphorylates substrates, including histones and transcription factors, directly impacting chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies highlight its role in phosphorylating histone H3, altering nucleosome dynamics and facilitating gene transcription. Magnesium signalling through TRPM7 is also involved in modulating chromatin remodelling complexes, influencing DNA accessibility and transcriptional regulation. Overall, TRPM7 integrates ion homeostasis
with epigenetic regulation, affecting cell differentiation, proliferation, and stress responses. This highlights its pivotal role in cellular processes, ageing and disease mechanisms. Finally, recent work from our group
(unpublished), has identified novel non- canonical inflammatory pathways, which are targeted through magnesium signalling. These modulators are part of the DAMPs network previously described. We have demonstrated for the first time that DAMPs acting as mediators of sterile inflammation, can be addressed with magnesium supplementation, and as a consequence, Oriel Magnesium Mineral Complex can potentially be used as part of a management strategy in addressing ageing- related pathologies. Magnesium signalling may also be a pivotal link between cellular senescence, SASP and
DAMPs. Magnesium has been identified as a crucial factor influencing cellular senescence. Studies have highlighted magnesium’s role in maintaining genomic stability, regulating oxidative stress, and modulating pathways that prevent or promote (via hypomagnesemia) senescence. Magnesium serves as a cofactor for DNA
repair enzymes, such as DNA polymerases and nucleases, preventing DNA damage that can trigger senescence. Conversely, low magnesium levels are associated with increased DNA damage and telomere attrition. Magnesium’s ability to counter act and
reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), protects against oxidative stress and the subsequent activation of senescence pathways. In addition, physiologically healthy magnesium levels can mitigate oxidative damage in mitochondria and other organelles, and consequently influences inflammatory responses and the SASP, reducing chronic inflammation that accelerates senescence.
Conclusion Magnesium’s integral role in epigenetic regulation, healthy microbiome maintenance, cellular senescence, SASP and DAMP associated inflammageing highlights its potential in ageing-related health management and therapeutic innovations. OMMC may act as a senolytic, by targeting
senescent cells and reducing DAMPs and SASP-associated inflammation, potentially alleviating ageing-related pathologies. Preliminary work from our group has identified OMMC as a potential means to target and block DAMP signalling, thus reducing DAMP- induced senescence. This controlled modulation of DAMPs and
senescence may promote tissue repair and regeneration. Epigenetic mechanisms, DAMPs, cellular senescence and SASP are central to understanding ageing, chronic inflammation, and related skin conditions. Their intricate relationship highlights the
importance of balancing damage responses to maintain tissue health and homeostasis, thus preventing pathological outcomes. Further research could lead to innovative therapies for ageing and degenerative conditions.
PC
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