Effect of melatonin on ram adrenal gland 1183
Fig. 13. Digitally colored transmission electron microscope images showing telocytes (TCs) (blue) in the control and trea- ted group. a,b: TCs in the control group were characterized by a small cell body with distinct two long cytoplasmic telo- pode (Tp). Note, few secretory vesicles in their telopodes (arrowhead) compared with treated group. Note, these cells are usually associated with nerve fibers (NF, red). c,d: TCs and their Tps were interconnected with each other to form a net- work in the cortex of the treated group. Note, exaggerated secretory activity in the form of a massive release of secretory vesicles (arrowheads) from Tps of one TC to another or toward the surrounding structures. The podoms (dilated segment, square, inserted figure in c) contained mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and caveolae. e: Shedding of secretory structures (arrowheads) was evident from Tps to the extracellular space in the melatonin-treated group. Tps showed an increase in their contact with nerve endings (red, NF). f: TCs sent their Tps, resembling an octopus, around the blood capillaries and established direct contact with it and some small vesicles (arrowheads) transported from TCs to capillaries were observed. Note, exocytosis of some adrenalin granules (red) to blood capillaries was observed.
and many of them showed peripheral electron-dense mate- rials. The cytoplasm also contained spherical to oval mito- chondria and rER. These cells were connected with other cells by desmosomes (Fig. 12f).
TCs The TCs are recognized in the adrenal gland of sheep for the first time in our study. The control group TCs were demonstrated in both cortex and medulla in the interstitial cells adjacent to endocrine cells, nerve fibers, and blood vessels. They were characterized by a small cell body with distinct two long cytoplasmic extensions called Tps. The nucleus was oval shaped, char- acterized by heterochromatin (dominant) and euchromatin. Few and small-diameter secretory vesicles were observed in their Tps (Figs. 13a, 13b). The treated group Significant increases in the number of TCs, length of Tps, and number and diameter of secretory vesicles were recorded (Table 1). TCs and their Tps were interconnected by homo- and heterocellular junctions and form a wide network (Figs. 13c, 13d). Also, the melatonin- treated group showed exaggerated secretory activity in the form of a massive release of secretory vesicles from Tps from one TC to another or toward a cellular or noncellular structure. Tps had alternation of the thin segment (podo- mers) and dilated segments (podoms), in which the latter
accommodate mitochondria, rER, and caveolae (Fig. 13c). In addition, the shedding of secretory structures (exosomes, ectosomes, and multivesicular bodies) was greater from Tps plasma membrane of TCs to the extracellular space in the melatonin-treated group (Fig. 13e). Moreover, Tps showed an increase in their contact with blood capillaries and nerve endings (Figs. 13e, 13f). TCs sent their Tps, resembling an octopus, around the blood capillaries and established direct contact with it, also small vesicles transported from TCs to capillaries were observed (Fig. 13f).
Immunofluorescence Histochemistry Observation TH-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the cyto- plasm of the catecholamine—containing cells (green color in Figs. 14a–14e, 14g, and 14j). The specific fluorescent reaction was selectively localized to the medullary cells. The cortico- medullary junction was clearly demarcated by the intensity of staining in the chromaffin cells of the medulla and absence of specific staining in the cortex (Figs. 14b, 14d, and 14e). The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, in the treated group, melatonin had a stimulatory action on the adrenal medulla of Soay ram through inducing the protein expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme (TH) in the chromaffin cells (Figs. 14d–14f). While, low expression of TH was demonstrated in the control group (Figs. 14a–14c).
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