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May, 2017


www.us-tech.com


covered late in a project, or if a non- metallic enclosure has been chosen because other shielding approaches are impractical, a quick and conven- ient means of absorbing radiated electromagnetic energy may be required. KEMET’s flex suppressor is a flexible polymer sheet with micro-magnetic foils that can be used to suppress radio frequency interfer- ence. It is available in bulk sheets or pre-cut parts that can be affixed to sensitive circuitry. Flex suppressors can be used


inside enclosures, between circuit boards, around cables and flat-flex connectors, or applied to the edges of


Multiple sources of noise exist inside any piece of equipment, predominantly from switched-mode power supplies.


any unavoidable apertures to mini- mize the effects of passing radiation. The flex suppression material


has high permeability, ranging from 20 to 130 H/m (Henry per meter), and thicknesses of 25 µm to 1 mm. Both the permeability and thickness of the sheets influence their ability to absorb the radiated energy. The absorption of radiated fre-


quencies is achieved by converting these emitted waves into small amounts of heat, which is easily dis- sipated without causing a tangible temperature increase. The perme- ability range and thicknesses avail- able allow engineers to use the mate- rial to deal with radiated noise from 10 MHz to 10 GHz.


Conducted Noise Noise on power lines and noise


associated with switch-mode power supplies are major sources of con- ducted electromagnetic interference. AC power lines are one of the most important channels by which con- ducted electromagnetic interference can enter or leave equipment. Noise currents can travel in the same direc- tion simultaneously through the phase and neutral conductors, creat- ing what is referred to as common- mode noise. On the other hand, dif- ferential-mode noise refers to cur- rents flowing in opposite directions in the conductors. A typical approach to filtering


common- and differential-mode noise makes use of an X capacitor, Y capac- itor, and a common-mode inductor that constitute a power line filter and is usually connected at the AC input to line-powered equipment. Y capacitors are connected


between each line and the ground of the equipment, they are designed to reduce common-mode noise. Failure of Y capacitors could result in a short circuit between mains and ground, creating the potential for an electric shock. In conjunction with common-


mode inductors, X capacitors are nor- mally connected “across” the mains to reduce differential noise. Failure of these parts can cause the risk of ignition. The X and Y capacitors are a


special type of boxed capacitor designed specifically for use in mains-powered equipment. As well as dealing with noise entering the


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equipment, they are also effective in preventing internally-generated elec- tromagnetic noise from being con-


ducted back into the AC line and impairing the quality of the power received by other users.


Page 63


Classifying and Combating Electromagnetic Interference Continued from previous page


The common-mode inductor, or


choke, is comprised of two coils wrapped around a single core. Common-mode currents flowing in the same direction through each coil produce electromagnetic fluxes that combine to strengthen the action of the inductor against the flow of cur- rent. Conversely, the flux due to dif- ferential-mode currents flowing in opposite directions cancel out. Differential-mode currents do not “see” the inductor and only common- mode currents are filtered.


Noise Sources Multiple sources of noise exist


Major noise sources and coupling in AC/DC switched-mode power supplies.


inside any piece of equipment. The most predominant sources are Continued on next page


G TECHNOLOGIES


IES


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