8.8
Medical Emergencies Sickle Cell Anaemia
Sickle cell anaemia is an hereditary problem caused by a genetic mutation of the red blood cells. It is most common in individuals originating from Africa or the Caribbean with estimates as high as 1 in 10 carrying the sickle cell trait.
NORMAL BLOOD CELLS
As the name suggests the red blood cells develop into a “sickle shape” rather than a round shape. The sickle shaped cells cannot travel freely in the blood and cause blockages or clogging in the blood vessels. The person then suffers pain, sometimes severe around the area of the body that the clog has occurred, this is known as a sickle cell crisis.
SICKLE CELLS
Recognition - Possible swelling in the hands or feet - Pain in the long bones of the arms or legs - Pain in the chest, stomach, spine or ribs - This pain can present itself as a dull throbbing ache or sharp shooting or even as burning sensations - Episodes of pain can last from several minutes to several weeks - Other symptoms of anaemia include irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath and fatigue
Treatment As a paediatric first aider you will probably be aware that a child in your care suffers from sickle cell anaemia. To help reduce the risk of episodes encourage children to drink plenty of fluids but if an episode does occur during your time with them:
- Provide any pain medication the child has (as agreed with the parents). Do not exceed recommended dosage
- Keep the child warm and distract them if possible (DVD, toy etc.) - If the child’s pain is severe or starts to affect their breathing or consciousness call 999/112 and ask for an ambulance
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