8. Medical Emergencies 8.1 Anaphylaxis
Anaphylactic shock is a life threatening, severe allergic reaction that affects the whole body as the body produces massive amounts of histamine to combat a perceived threat.
The production of histamine dilates the blood vessels leading to a fall in blood pressure and difficulty breathing as the airways begin to constrict. Known sufferers of anaphylaxis will carry their own medication by way of an auto injector of adrenaline (epinephrine).
Anaphylactic shock can be triggered by eating items like shellfish, nuts, medicines and dairy products or from coming into contact with chemicals, animals and insects (i.e. wasp or bee stings).
Recognition - Pain, swelling and redness around the area of the contact
- Swelling of hands and feet - Swelling of face, neck, mouth and tongue - Difficulty in breathing - Anxiety and distress - Pale or flushed skin - Impaired level of consciousness - Signs and symptoms of shock
Treatment
- Call 999/112 for an ambulance - Allow the child to sit in a position which aids their breathing - Allow the child to take their own medication - If they are unable to take their own medication you may use the auto injector to administer the medication for them (this procedure may be repeated at 5 minute intervals if no improvement) - Be prepared to treat for the onset of shock - Be prepared to resuscitate
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