33


5.3.2 International cooperative initiatives


By engaging large and growing numbers of NSAs, international cooperative initiatives (ICIs) can lead to considerable emission reductions, provided that their stated goals are realized and emissions reductions do not displace action elsewhere (Blok et al., 2012; Hsu et al., 2015; UNEP, 2015; Widerberg and Pattberg, 2015; Graichen et al., 2017; see also section 5.4).


In addition to direct emission reductions, ICIs can play a number of other important roles, including providing proofs of concept for low-emissions development strategies, spurring technology development and diffusion, and helping generate momentum for additional initiatives and activities (Weischer et al., 2012).


Several databases collect information on ICIs. They vary in number of initiatives, often due to different definitions of ICIs, purposes, focus areas, data collection methods


and sources (UNEP, 2016; Widerberg and Stripple, 2016). The summary of trends in this section focuses on mitigation-related ICIs and is based on data from the Climate Initiatives Platform, which is regularly updated, includes clear criteria for inclusion, and is publicly accessible.3


The main features of these ICIs are captured in figures 5.2 and 5.3.


Trend in numbers of ICIs


The Climate Initiatives Platform currently records 244 initiatives, of which 220 are mitigation- focused and are implemented in more than one country.4


2016 UN Environment Emissions Gap Report, 17 new initiatives have been added to the platform.


Over the past two decades, the number of ICIs has grown significantly, with peaks in launches of new initiatives


Since the


Figure 5.2: Number of international cooperative initiatives launched each year, between 2000 and 2018. 50


44 40 34 30 20 12 10 1 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2018 5 5 7 5 6 5 6 8 15 11 10 7 3 10 2


Source: Climate Initiatives Platform [accessed 1 July 2018].


3 The Climate Initiatives Platform is hosted by UN Environment and the UNEP DTU Partnership. It includes ICIs that fulfil the following criteria: • Includes several non-state actors taking voluntary action, and may also include states. • Have an objective to reduce GHG emissions or to increase resilience, or could bring about GHG emission reductions or increased resilience. • Have an international scope or the potential for significant impact on a global scale. • Have a focal point. Source: http://climateinitiativesplatform.org/index.php/Climate_Database:About.


4 As at 25 August 2018.


Initiatives launched


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