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5.3.1 Individual commitments by non-state and subnational actors
Individual NSA climate actions are referred to as ‘commitment’, ‘action’, ‘initiative’, and ‘target’ and include a “diverse set of governance activities taking place beyond strictly government and intergovernmental (or multilateral) settings” (Chan and Pauw, 2014).
NSAs often pledge climate action through networks that collate individual climate pledges and inventories (for example, C40 Cities for Climate Leadership) or reporting platforms such as the CDP (formerly known as the Carbon Disclosure Project). The criteria for participation within these networks and platforms vary: some networks require members to pledge specific commitments, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets, or to submit regular emissions inventories. Others emphasize peer-to-peer
knowledge sharing and capacity-building, while some are membership-based networks that do not require actors to commit to specific goals.
While these networks capture many NSA climate actions, they do not comprehensively cover all NSA climate actions occurring globally.
For instance, national networks of NSAs and individual actions that are not reported in global climate action databases are not included in the analysis here (see also box 5.2). Analysis suggests, however, that individual NSA participation through these networks has increased since the 2015 Paris climate negotiations (table 5.1 - possible overlaps are not taken into account). These positive trends indicate the continued and growing role of NSAs in global climate governance. The following section captures an overview of some of these NSA constellations and their membership.
Table 5.1: Examples of the growth in individual NSA actor participation from 2015 to 2017. Actor group
2015 Cities
7,025 from 99 countries, representing 11 percent of the global population
States and regions
116 regions from 20 countries, representing 11 percent of the global population
Companies and investors
4,431 companies from 88 countries and over 400 investors, with more than US$25 trillion in assets under management
Banks 15 of the 20 largest banks 2017
7,378 from 133 countries, representing 16.9 percent of the global population
245 regions from 42 countries, representing 17.5 percent of the global population
6,225 companies and investors from 120 countries, representing at least US$36.5 trillion in revenue
34 of the 57 largest banks, representing US$3.1 trillion in market capitalization
Higher education institutes
Not assessed
700 colleges and universities in the United States of America, with a total student population nearing 1 million and a collective endowment of over US$250 billion
Data source: Hsu et al., 2015b; Hsu et al., 2016, Hsu et al., 2017.
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