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forests and other ‘sinks’ to remove greater amounts of CO2
from the atmosphere.
Monitoring, reporting and verification: A process/ concept that potentially supports greater transparency in the climate change regime.
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC): Submissions by countries that have ratified the Paris Agreement which presents their national efforts to reach the Paris Agreement’s long-term temperature goal of limiting warming to well below 2°C. New or updated NDCs are to be submitted in 2020 and every five years thereafter. NDCs thus represent a country’s current ambition/target for reducing emissions nationally.
Non-state and subnational actors: ‘Non-state and subnational actors’ includes companies, cities, subnational regions and investors that take or commit to climate action.
is reduced, avoided, or sequestered to compensate for emissions occurring elsewhere.
Offset (in climate policy): A unit of CO2
Scenario: A description of how the future may unfold based on ‘if-then’ propositions. Scenarios typically include an initial socio-economic situation and a description of the key driving forces and future changes in emissions, temperature or other climate change- related variables.
e emissions that
Source: Any process, activity or mechanism that releases a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas or aerosol into the atmosphere.
Sustainable development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Technical mitigation potential: Such potential is estimated for given scenarios assuming full implementation of best available pollutant reduction technology, as it exists today, by 2030 independent of their costs but considering technical lifetime of technologies and other key constraints (e.g., cultural acceptance) that could limit applicability of certain measures in specific regions.
Uncertainty: A cognitive state of incomplete knowledge that can result from a lack of information or from disagreement about what is known or even knowable. It may have many types of sources, from imprecision in the data to ambiguously defined concepts or terminology, or uncertain projections of human behaviour. Uncertainty can therefore be represented by quantitative measures (for example a probability density function) or by qualitative statements (for example reflecting the judgement of a team of experts).
Unconditional NDCs: NDCs proposed by countries without conditions attached.
2020 pledge: See Cancun pledge.
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