Cold climates Cold climates are found close to the poles. These include the boreal climate and the tundra climate.
Boreal climate Location
Northern hemisphere between 55° north of the equator and the Arctic Circle
Characteristics Seasons Average temperatures Annual precipitation Two
Summer: 15–20 °C Winter: –15 °C
200–2,000 mm mostly snow Two
Summer: 3–12 °C Winter: –35 °C
250 mm mostly snow Tundra climate Around the poles
Tundra climate Boreal climate
: Figure 14.12 Regions with a boreal or tundra climate
Average temperature Average precipitation
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
5 0
10 15
0 5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
–5 –10 –15 –20
( Figure 14.13 Monthly average precipitation and temperature in the Yukon, Canada, which has a boreal climate
NUMERACY ACT VITY
Examine Figure 14.13. What is the annual daily mean temperature range? Which is the warmest month? Which month has the highest amount of precipitation?
Go to page 58 of your Portfolio to complete the template about a climate of your choice. PORTFOLIO ACT VITY 14.1
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Climates: Classifying climate types and Ireland’s climate
