G Marion Goldstein, M.D., an Assistant Professor and Director of the Division Of Geriatric Psychiatry at the State University of New York at Buffalo, recalled a painful lesson she learnt during her research career. She said that her NIH grant wasn’t renewed because she didn’t have time to publish several papers. ‘I was directing an 18-bed geriatric inpatient unit, teaching residents and rotating coverage for five other psychiatrists,’ she explained.
H Dickstein would like the academic promotion criteria changed to reflect women’s strengths. ‘There should be less emphasis on research qualifications for leadership positions, with the exception of vice deans or chairs of research, and more emphasis on excellence in administration, education and in fostering student development,’ she said. ‘Women with fewer published research papers than their male colleagues often have larger citation indexes and write more comprehensive papers,’ she observed.
I Women in the workplace often receive mixed messages about how they are expected to behave. They may be expected to take risks, but not to make mistakes; to be tough, but also to be feminine; and to be ambitious, but not to expect equal treatment. It appears that women who desire power fear a loss of approval and abandonment by others. Those who act in their own interests are viewed as selfish and destructively aggressive. Many women who don’t see themselves as powerful feel that they are inadequate. This self-devaluation can lead to the belief that success is due to luck or chance, rather than ability.
For questions 1–6, identify the paragraph which contains the following information. Write the correct letter A–I in the space.
1. men earning a third more than women do in some workplaces 2. women feeling unsuited to roles that men have designed for them 3. the idea that women take jobs without knowing enough about them 4. contradictory information about what is expected of women 5. the assumption that women have family commitments 6. anger that pay is low, little advice is given and work is too hard
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
For questions 7–14, decide if the information given below agrees with the information given in the text. Write (T) true, (F) false or (NG) not given, if there is no information on this.
7. A man’s age seems to matter less than a woman’s age. 8. There are no women currently working as psychiatrists. 9. Male mentors tell other men about good jobs that are available.
___ ___ ___
10. Women often have a heavier workload and more difficult patients to deal with. ___ 11. Marion Goldstein’s grant wasn’t renewed because she was too busy to do some writing. ___ 12. Leah Dickstein believes that the criteria for academic promotion are fair. 13. When women feel unsatisfied at work, they are more likely to make mistakes. 14. Women continue to have faith in their ability even when faced with inequality.
C Check the key on page 181. How many questions did you answer correctly?
D Tick the sentences about the Reading task that are true for you and think about how you can answer more questions correctly next time.
1. It helped to know what the text would be about before I read it. 2. I didn’t feel that I had to understand every word of the text to complete the tasks. 3. It was difficult to answer some questions because I didn’t know words or phrases. 4. I recognized paraphrased language in order to complete questions 1–6. 5. I’m pleased with how quickly I scanned the text in order to complete questions 1–6. 6. I didn’t try to read the whole text again in order to answer questions 7–14. 7. I recognized paraphrased language in order to complete questions 7–14.
___ ___ ___
44 Pathway to IELTS 6.0
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