C Work out the meaning of each word and phrase below from the context. Discuss them in pairs. affluent
slum dwellers shacks alleys prone to trash displacement squatter
D Cover the text. In pairs, answer the questions in Exercise A again using information and language you have learnt.
Reading 2: completing a summary
Question-type tip: As well as completing sentences or notes, you will sometimes be instructed to complete a summary.
A Look at the task below. In pairs, discuss some strategies that will ensure you do the task well.
Complete the summary of part of the text below. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
Slums in different parts of the world have different (1) ________, but all are inhabited by the poorest people. Slums sometimes consist of reasonably well-built units, but are usually made up of (2) ________. Slums lack basic amenities and services and are frequently the communities hit hardest by (3) ________. Slum dwellers are poor, illiterate and unemployed. A range of (4) ________ are likely to impact on their lives. The lack of sanitation and health care means that (5) ________ can flourish. Many people make a living by selling what they can salvage from (6) ________.
B Do the task and then compare answers with a partner. Check the key on page 184 and think about why you made any mistakes.
Exam tip: When you complete a summary, skim the summary – ignoring the spaces – to understand the general meaning. Identify which part(s) of the passage is/are summarized (very occasionally it is the whole passage) – don’t waste time re-reading what’s not relevant. Look at each space, think about what part of speech the missing item is likely to be. Scan the passage to find the words you need. The language around the key word or phrase will be paraphrased, so you need to look for language that means the same as language used in the summary.
C Look at the task below and talk in pairs. How is it different from the task you have just done and what different strategies will you need to use?
Question-type tip: Some summary completion tasks involve choosing words from a list to fill spaces. There are more words in the list than there are spaces in the summary and the words in the list are not usually words from the passage.
Complete the summary by choosing words from A–L below. Write the correct letter as your answer.
In the developing world, slum populations grow as people move to (1) ________. The number of slum dwellers in India is (2) ________ what it was 20 years ago. One obvious solution is the clearance of slums and the (3) ________ of superior housing. The fact that slum inhabitants have no rights over the (4) ________ they live on facilitates this option. However, clearance fails to address the real issues and the poorest people are simply moved to new places where there is less (5) ________ to their community.
A control D twice
G transition J shelter
B buildings E extra
H structure K half
C cities F land
I construction L villages
Pathway to IELTS 6.0 119
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