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IBM unveils highly integrated SiGe millimetre-wave transceiver
The silicon germanium device is designed for mobile communications and radar imaging applications. The solution is claimed to seamlessly bring together 4 integrated chips and 64 antennas in a single package
IBM scientists have achieved a milestone in creating a phased-array transceiver that contains all of the millimetre-wave components necessary for both high data-rate communications and advanced-resolution radar imaging applications.
The SiGe BiCMOS prototype takes advantage of under- utilised short-wavelength frequency.
The newly demonstrated integrated circuits (ICs) tackle data bottleneck issues for mobile communications applications and allow radar-imaging technology to be scaled down to the size of a computer laptop.
Advanced radio frequency integration has been a key driver in the explosive growth of mobile device capability and sophistication.
Millimetre-wave bandwidth has the ability to support Gb/s wireless communications, dramatically expanding opportunities for mobile backhaul, small cell infrastructure, and data center overlay network deployment.
The frequency range of the ICs is well suited for high- resolution radar imaging applications due to its short wavelength, relatively low atmospheric attenuation, and ability to penetrate debris. The ICs enable radar technology to be scaled down, giving pilots the ability to penetrate fog, dust and other vision impairing obstructions.
“This transceiver presents the highest level of integration achieved so far in a silicon-based solution for millimetre-wave frequency applications,” says Alberto Valdes-Garcia, IBM Research, Communications and Computation Subsystem Group. “It is a key step toward phased-array systems of the future that are scalable, low-volume, light-weight, and low-cost.”
About the Integrated Circuit and Scalable Array Assembly Technology
The packaged transceiver operates at frequencies in the range of 90 - 94GHz and is implemented as a unit tile, integrating four phased array ICs and 64 dual-polarised antennas. By tiling packages next to one another on a
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circuit board, scalable phased arrays of large aperture can be created while maintaining uniform antenna element spacing. The beam - forming capabilities enabled by hundreds of antenna elements will allow for communications and radar imaging applications that will extend over a range of kilometres.
Each of the four phased-array ICs in a tile integrates 32 receive and 16 transmit elements with dual outputs to support 16 dual polarised antennas. Multiple operating modes are supported, including the simultaneous reception of horizontal and vertical polarisations. Fabricated using an advanced IBM SiGe semiconductor process, the ICs also integrate frequency synthesis and conversion as well as digital control functions.
The complete scalable solution, which includes antennas, packaging, and transceiver ICs, transforms signals between millimetre-wave and baseband, all in a form factor smaller than an American nickel.
Mobile Back-Haul Technology
Mobile service providers have started to alleviate backhaul congestion issues by using E-band wireless links. E-Band spectrum, allocated by the FCC for point- to-point communications, covers frequencies in the range of 71 - 76 GHz, 81 - 86 GHz and 92 - 95 GHz, and enables wireless data transfer at very high rates. The atmospheric attenuation in this band is relatively low, making it well suited for supporting long-range communications links.
Today’s E-band solutions consist of multi-chip modules and bulky mechanically aligned antennas. The newly developed compact scalable phased array solution provides electronic beam steering and the bandwidth to support Gb/s wireless communications.
Millimetre-wave Radar and Imaging Capabilities
Millimetre-wave spans 30 GHz to 300 GHz on the electromagnetic spectrum, 10 to 100 times higher than the frequencies used for mobile phones and Wi-Fi. Frequencies in the range of 90 - 94GHz are well suited for short and long range, high-resolution radar imaging.
Weather, debris and other vision impairing obstructions often leave aircraft pilots helpless, but 94GHz radar imaging technology could alleviate this problem. What’s more, the design’s support for two antenna polarisations - with minimal increase in footprint - provides a further advantage while navigating through fog and rain.
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