11


EXTERNAL INFLUENCES 11.1 Vocabulary linking ideas


A Look at the diagram on the opposite page. 1 Name the five factors.


2 Discuss how the examples of each factor might influence businesses.


3 Give more examples of each factor. B Study the linking words and phrases in box a.


1 Put them into two groups for: a discussing reasons and results b building an argument.


2 Is each linking word used to join ideas: a within a sentence? b between sentences?


3 Can you think of similar linking words?


4 Put the linking words in question 1 b in a suitable order to list points in support of an argument.


C Study the words in box b.


1 Sort the words into groups according to whether they are mainly concerned with people or with change or both.


2 In pairs, explain your decisions.


3 Are the words nouns, verbs or adjectives? What is their stress pattern?


4 What other words or phrases have the same meaning?


D Read the text on the right.


1 Complete each space with a word or phrase from box a or box b. Change the form if necessary.


2 Can you think of other words or phrases with the same meaning as the blue words?


3 Highlight all the words and phrases in the text connected with people and work or change.


4 Match the phrases below with a later phrase in the text that refers back to them, as in the example.


Example: people … in their 70s – these elderly employees


the effects fewer young people parts of the world markets


E Do the quiz on the opposite page. 86 b affect ageing consultant diversify


effect elderly immigrant part-timer population rethink shrink youth


According to Peter Drucker (2001), a well-known business thinker, there are many demographic changes which will


businesses


profoundly over the next 25 years. Firstly, the is ageing and


people is becoming an increasingly serious problem for governments.


patterns


of employmentwill . For , provision of pensions for retired


many


people will have to continue in their jobs until they are in their 70s. In


, these companies on a full-time basis but as


employees are not likely to work for ,


part-timers or temporary staff. , there are the effects of fewer young


people in many parts of the world. that many of these countries will have to rely more and more on an


labour force. that markets will need to change:


because the falling numbers of younger people mean fewer families, businesses which have built their markets on the basis of the family unit will now have to


their approach. , up to now there has been an emphasis on the workers will market; from now


on, the middle-aged segment is likely to dominate. , since the supply of younger


, businesses will have to find new ways to attract and retain staff.


Source: Drucker, P. (2001, November 3–9). The next society. The Economist, pp. 3–20.


a


Another point is … As a result,


because Finally, Firstly, For example, In addition, Moreover,


One result of this is … Secondly, since So,


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