TRANSCRIPTS
may be able at the same time to offer a more attractive service than the competitors.
EVIE: I don’t get that. How can it be more attractive if it’s more expensive?
LEILA: What I’m trying to say is, the company can charge more for their product but actually the customer might get the product more cheaply overall.
EVIE: I still don’t understand. Can you give me an example, Leila?
LEILA: OK. Look at it this way. Theme park visitors typically come from no more than about an hour and a half away. People who live near Bristol would have to travel to London or Birmingham to get to the closest theme park. That would cost them time and money – say, £100 per person? If there is a theme park near Bristol they won’t have to spend that money. If Goldorama charge, say, £25 more for the entry fee than London competitors do, the customers may still end up spending less. And what they don’t spend on transport, they can spend in the retail areas of the theme park …
MAJED: So everybody wins! It’s all about money, in fact.
LECTURER: Absolutely. In making a decision on location, companies have to think about their fixed and variable costs, as well as the income they are likely to get from a particular site. There are other factors, of course, and we’ll come on to these later.
MAJED: Yes, and I’d just like to say something else. As I mentioned before, there are potentially a lot of tourists who might come to this park. So it’s a good investment, as visitor numbers are likely to increase in the future.
Unit 9, Lesson 2, Exercise B 2.1 Part 1
Good morning, everyone. I’m going to talk to you this morning about the impact of tourism on culture. You will agree with me that each of the countries you are from has its own unique culture. Some of you may be from developing countries that are very keen to develop their natural and cultural resources. Others will be from countries that have a well-developed tourism sector already. Today, we will be looking at tourism in developing countries.
But before we begin I have a story to tell you. In this lecture, I’ll talk about an imaginary country opening its doors to tourism for the first time and
I will outline some of the major consequences of the influx of tourists. I’ll also give you a summary of possible solutions at the end.
It’s a story of mismanagement and chaos. Every year thousands of tourists visit the capital city of this small country, which in the past was closed off to mainstream tourism. Realistically, the country can only just support its own largely agricultural society.
I’m sure you can imagine the large numbers of hotel operators trying to attract tourists as they greet them at the airport on arrival; you can see the noisy and polluting cars, trucks, taxis, motorized rickshaws and buses carrying them away along overcrowded roads, through streets littered with garbage, to badly built hotels where street vendors keep pestering them to buy things they don’t need. Does this sound familiar to you? The seriousness of these problems cannot be exaggerated.
Of the many agents of change in society, tourism seems to be one of the strongest. It is also one of the most controversial. Of course, the point of the story is that it’s really very dangerous for tourism operators not to pay attention to the culture of a country. I admit, there are not many undiscovered countries anymore, but there are still plenty of small and faraway places that are not prepared for discovery, and do not even have basic infrastructure.
OK, so how should we look at this? To start with we might make a distinction between two different types of impact on a new tourist destination. On the one hand, there is the impact of tourism as an industry. On the other, tourism and tourists themselves have an influence on the people living there. It’s the first of these points that I’m going to focus on now, but it’s worth pointing out that, in terms of effect, both are equally important.
So, to get back to the main part of my lecture
… there are – as we will see – ways to help countries like these to manage and control their tourism growth. However, when you look at the tourism industry, you see that governments and foreign tourist operators often overlook a number of important issues.
Firstly – and let’s continue, for a moment, to study our imaginary country – during the past few decades, there has been very little planning and investment in things like public health, electricity, drinking water, and last but not least, training local people for the tourism sector. But millions of
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