4 COMPUTERS IN MEDICINE


Answers 1 The changing role of computers in medicine


2 Help doctors access knowledge quickly (Medline), manage medical records, telemedicine – remote diagnosis and treatment, telesurgery – assisting in and carrying out operations at a distance, improving the provision of diagnostic information – e.g., X-rays replaced by electronic versions


Exercise C 1 Set for pairwork.


2 Elicit ideas but do not confirm or correct. You can use phrases such as So, most of you think … You all believe …Remind students to look back at these predictions while they are reading the text.


Answers


Picture 1: Electronic X-rays – Picture Archiving and Communication System Picture 2: electronic medical record Picture 3: telesurgery


Exercise D


1 Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Feed back, trying to get consensus on each point, but do not actually confirm or correct. Preface your remarks with phrases like: So, most of you think ... You all believe ... Remind students to look back at these predictions while they are reading the text (Exercise F).


2 Elicit some more ideas, but once again, do not confirm or correct.


Exercise E


Review paragraph structure – i.e., paragraphs usually begin with a topic sentence which makes a statement that is then expanded in the following sentences. Thus, topic sentences give an indication of the contents of the paragraph. You may wish to refer students to the Skills bank at this point.


1 Write the topic sentences from the text on an OHT or other visual medium, or use Resource 4B from the additional resources section. Students should use only the topic sentences for this exercise. Set for individual work and pairwork checking.


2 Set for pairwork. Tell students that close analysis of the topic sentences will help them. Feed back with the whole class. Point out any language features which led them to draw their conclusions.


Para 1 Para 2


Para 3 Para 4 Para 5


Exercise F


Set the reading. Students should make notes on the differences between their predictions and the text.


Answers Possible answers: Paragraph 1


Prediction: the initial role of computers in areas related to medicine


Actual: The prediction was correct. It describes different uses for computers in medicine from the mid- 1960s.


Paragraph 2 Prediction: beginnings of use in patient care


Actual: It starts by describing why using computers for patient care in the 1970s was seen as a possibility. It then explains why this use remained largely theoretical and outlines the practical uses for computers at that time.


65 Answers


1 Paragraph 1: The use of computers in areas related to medicine dates from the mid-1960s.


Paragraph 2: However, during the 1970s, as computers became slightly smaller and less expensive, possibilities for their use in patient care began to be explored.


Paragraph 3: By the mid-1980s, a new and far more practical approach to medical informatics was becoming possible.


Paragraph 4: The development of the Internet from the early 1990s onwards marked another phase in the use of computers in medicine.


Paragraph 5: Unfortunately, while some of these benefits have been realized, the potential of the Internet in telemedicine has yet to be fully exploited.


2 Possible answers: Predicted content


initial role of computers in areas related to medicine


beginnings of use in patient care practical approach to medical informatics


impact of the Internet on medical informatics


barriers to further developments


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