9 NON-CLINICAL SETTING: PUBLIC HEALTH


such as emphysema, asthma and allergies. Vector- borne disease – that’s diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks – would also be on the increase due to higher temperatures. In fact there is even a chance that malaria could be reintroduced into the UK. Storms, tornadoes and flooding not only give rise to injury from flying debris but also intestinal illnesses and other water-borne diseases brought about by the subsequent flooding of sewage treatment plants, as well as the possible exposure to hazardous toxic chemicals from runoff from agricultural land and urban storm-water systems. The Department of Health in the UK reports that flooding also leads to psychological problems; displaced persons can experience mental health consequences due to the stress of the immediate disruption to their lives not to mention enforced migration, be it only on a temporary basis. Crowded conditions in temporary shelters only further increase the risk of the spread of infectious disease.


So what exactly have we looked at this morning?


Well, to sum up, we’ve looked at a definition of public health. I then went on to outline two major issues that are currently preoccupying public health authorities across the world – obesity and the impact of climate change on health. With obesity, we talked about the extent of the problem as well as its cause, the health risks of obesity and finally the measures being taken to resolve the problem.


Fixed phrase 1 As we shall see, … 2 3 In terms of


Secondly, with climate change, we looked at the direct followed by the indirect problems in terms of health brought about by climate change. Next, I want us to consider the role of public health authorities in preventing further negative effects from climate change …


≤Exercise D


Allow students time to read the phrases and the types of information, making sure that they understand any difficult words. Note that they are being asked not for the words that the speaker uses but what type of information the words represent. Note also that the information types may be needed more than once.


Play the sentences one at a time allowing time for students to identity the type of information which follows. Check answers after each sentence, making sure that students understand what the information is that follows.


Answers Model answers:


Type of information which follows


information about a point the speaker will make later


an aspect of a topic the speaker wants to focus on


It could be argued that … an idea the speaker may not agree with 4 Research has shown that … a statement the speaker agrees with 5 6 7 8 Increasingly, we find that … a developing trend It’s true to say that ... a statement the speaker agrees with


From the point of view of … an aspect of a topic the speaker wants to focus on


So it should be clear that … a conclusion


Actual words/information


the focus of public health is to prevent rather than treat disease.


access to health care


the risk of chronic disease as a result of obesity does in fact increase progressively from a BMI of 21.


in 2005 approximately 1.6 billion adults – that’s anyone aged 15 and above – were considered overweight and 400 million were classed as obese.


now low- and middle-income countries are also falling victim to this epidemic.


this epidemic extends beyond the medical sphere or even the educational sphere.


the food industry as a whole, its contribution towards the eradication of obesity in children is crucial.


while public health authorities do have a role to play in attempting to eradicate this world phenomenon, ...


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