Subject noun phrases


Example The end result as these they A


Most practitioners best practice the literature there


EBM B


The number* of research articles


doctors


Verb phrases is also are tailored to are more


seem to agree is


suggests are


Object/complement noun phrases


a set of clinical guidelines


the specific situation likely desirable enormous barriers


introducing into clinical practice has rocketed


do not have time


to introducing EBM into clinical practice.


over the past 20 years


to identify and read all the available evidence for themselves


for themselves


to identify and read


all the available evidence


* sometimes the head noun only makes sense with pre- or post-modification, in this case research articles. Language note


1 Subjects and objects will usually be nouns, pronouns or prepositional phrases, with or without modifying adjectives.


Complements can be • nouns: He is a neurosurgeon. • adjectives: He is skilful. • adverbs: He is late. • prepositional phrases: He is in the theatre.


2 There are several types of conjunction in English.


Coordinating conjunctions such as and, or, but link elements of equal grammatical status.


Correlative conjunctions have two items: either … or…; both… and ... .


Subordinating conjunctions relate clauses to each other using single words (e.g., that with verbs of saying, thinking, etc., after, as, before, if, although, while) or phrases (e.g., as soon as, in order to, provided that…).


See a good grammar reference book for full explanations.


3 Adverbial phrases add information about the actions or processes described by the verb phrase.


170 Closure


Here are some phrases which relate to claims made for the medicinal properties of various natural substances, taken from various websites. Ask students to suggest ways of making the phrases more suitable for academic use. If the suggestions put forward do not involve using more tentative language, suggest how this might be included.


Honey is better than cough mixture for children with coughs.


Red wine causes blood cholesterol levels to drop. St John’s Wort* is as good as Prozac** for depression. Honey helps leg ulcers heal more quickly. *A herbal preparation, also known as hypericum.


**A proprietary drug made by Eli Lilly, also known as fluoxetine.


Suggested sentences:


Evidence from a recent study appears to suggest that honey can prove more effective than common proprietary cough mixtures for children with coughs.


A recent study appears to show that red wine may have contributed to a significant reduction in blood cholesterol.


because rocketed is intransitive there is no object; and is the conjunction in this case


to be effective. that is a linking word


but is a linking word or conjunction. It can connect two phrases or, as here, two clauses.


Adverbial phrases


Notes


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