Fosas in Madagascar’s deciduous forests 835
carnivores, indicating long-term decline and replacement of endemic species by exotic species (Farris et al., 2016). In Ranomafana National Park a multi-year occupancy study reported the long-term decline of fosas, their strong co- occurrence with dogs being a likely source of competition or disease (Farris et al., 2017). This supports our speculation that fosa resilience to habitat degradation inside contiguous forests is probably short-term, with a long-term population decline evident (Hawkins, 2016). This is largely the result of the severe reduction of Madagascar’s forests, the killing of fosas for bushmeat and in retaliation for poultry depreda- tion, and the increase in abundance of dogs and cats, increasing competition and disease transmission. Steps to mitigate the impact of exotic species on fosas and the eco- system as a whole need to be explored. Sterilization pro- grammes for domestic cats and dogs, along with culling of free-ranging cats and dogs should be trialled to evaluate their effectiveness in improving the abundance of native species. If they prove to be both cost-effective and beneficial to the ecosystem,we propose the incorporation of these pro- grammes into an island-wide forest management strategy.
Acknowledgements We thankWorldAnimal Protection,Megafaun and the Fossa Fund of Duisburg Zoo for funding this research, and the organizations and individuals who facilitated our research: MICET, Fanamby and our field research team, Fenohery, Solonantenaina, Naina, Noelson, Frederick, Domoina, Sierra, and our friend Pierrot Rahajanirina, you will be missed. Our deepest gratitude to the Malagasy communities who accommodated us. We thank the Madagascar Government, and National Parks for authorizing this re- search (permits 107/14 and 109/15/MEEMF/SG/DGF/
DCB.SAPT/SCB).
Author contributions Study design, research, data analysis, writing: SDM; data analysis and writing: CKWT; study design and writing: DWM, LJD.
Conflicts of interest None.
Ethical standards This research complies with Oryx’s Code of Conduct for authors.
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Oryx, 2020, 54(6), 828–836 © 2019 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S003060531800100X
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