The Caatinga howler monkey 801
conservation priority. These areas should be surveyed as a matter of urgency (Fig. 5c). Secondly, our results demonstrate that the legal
protection of areas suitable for A. ululata is uneven. The central and southern parts of the species’ range, which include some of the potentially best areas for its conservation, are not currently protected. Thus the desig- nation of new state, federal and private protected areas is critical, especially in the larger contiguous priority areas (Fig. 5c). Thirdly, and concurrently, management of the existing
protected areas requires improvement. Fourthly, knowledge on the biology of A. ululata is
still insufficient to plan effective management measures and therefore, in addition to survey work to clarify the status of the species, further research is required on aspects of the species’ ecology that are critical to its conservation. The priority areas identified by the Zonation models
mostly coincide with good-quality remnants of Caatinga, which are also important for the rich biodiversity of this biome, threatened by habitat destruction but poorly covered by protected areas (DRYFLOR et al., 2016). Given the spe- cies’ medium body size, the conservation of viable popula- tions of A. ululata requires the maintenance of large areas of well-preserved habitat, making it a good umbrella species with potential to contribute to the protection of the bio- diversity in this unique ecoregion.
Acknowledgements This study was funded by a Rufford Foundation grant (19646-1). RFF is supported by a scholarship from Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (IBPG-1236-2.05/16). We thank the rural communities who colla- borated in this research; Thieres Pinto, Gabriela Linhares, Andressa Fraga and Nádia Freitas for assistance in the field; and Marcos Fialho and Leandro Jerusalinsky (CPB-ICMBio) for providing pres- ence records of A. ululata.
Author contributions Study conception and design, writing: RFF, JMP; field work and data analysis: RFF.
Conflicts of interest None.
Ethical standards This research complies with the Oryx Code of Conduct. No specimens were killed or collected. Interviews were con- ducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the British Sociological Association (BSA, 2017).
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Oryx, 2020, 54(6), 794–802 © 2019 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605318001084
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