Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkey 815
individuals,which comprised one adultmale, one subadult male, three adult females, three juveniles and three infants. According to peoplewe spoke with in San Antonio, infants and juveniles can be seen with their mothers during December–January. The size of the infants observed in December suggest that one was a newborn and the other two perhaps 3 months old, suggesting births in October– December. The yellow-tailed woolly monkeys in San Antonio are
phenotypically distinct from those further north. All ob- served individuals had distinct white patches on the brow, one above each eye (Plate 1). This trait has been seen among populations in San Martín and Amazonas, but paler in colour and not in all individuals. The eponymous patch of yellow fur that surrounds the callus friction pad at the ventrodistal end of the prehensile tail is smaller in the Junín individuals than in those further north. All other aspects of appearance (mahogany fur, bright yellow scrotal tuft and pubic hair, white muzzle) seem consistent with other members of the species (Aquino et al., 2015). Despite being accessible frommajor towns such as Satipo,
FIG. 1 Known observations of Lagothrix flavicauda (Supplementary Table 2), including the newly discovered population in Junín.
a unique primate community (Supplementary Material 1) along with terrestrial mammals such as the Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus, red brocket deer Mazama americana, collared peccary Pecari tajacu, ocelot Leopardus pardalis and tayra Eira barbara. The University of Central Peru administers a 6,800 ha Área de Concesión de Conservación (Conservation Concession Area) that comprises a portion of our study area (Fig. 2). During a camera-trap study of terrestrial large mam-
mals, we opportunistically observed the primate com- munity. We surveyed .180 km of cleared logging trails and Andean bear trails over altitudes of 1,287–2,015 m. In addition to L. flavicauda, we observed other primate species (Supplementary Material 1). We encountered L. flavicauda four times (Table 1),
in primary forest. The monkeys did not flee, but rather approached and descended to observe us more closely, behaviour consistent with unhabituated lowland woolly monkeys Lagothrix lagotricha spp. and yellow-tailed woolly monkeys at other sites (FMC & CAS, pers. obs.), allowing us to take photographs (Plate 1). We were able to determine the composition of one of the groups, with 11
via road 24A, the forest in our study area is not heavily frag- mented and still has high connectivity, with large tracts of primary forest on the steep slopes. Closer to San Antonio the forest is disturbed, largely by farming. The forest sur- rounding San Antonio is better preserved and more intact on the northern side of the Río Pampa Hermosa because of the steep terrain, which limits accessibility for farming. From there, the forest is contiguous for 16 km to the border of the Bosque de Protección Pui Pui. The area to the south of the river is more degraded, with widespread farming and cattle ranching contributing to fragmentation, creating a mosaic of habitat types, including pastures and secondary and riparian forests. The greatest threats to the forests around San Antonio
are selective logging and clear cutting for agriculture. These activities particularly affect the forest between Mariposa and the settlement of Calabaza, adjacent to road 24Aand the Río Pampa Hermosa, with higher rates of deforestation eastwards to Satipo. The selective logging of rare and valuable trees, such as Cedrela angustifolia and Prumnopitys harmsiana, puts L. flavicauda at risk. Increased forest frag- mentation could limit the species’ access to lower eleva- tion forests and important seasonal fruit resources. As the human population increases, poaching could become a risk, as at other sites (Shanee, 2011; Shanee & Shanee, 2014). Although this does not currently affect L. flavicauda or the other primates around San Antonio, it is imperative that intact forests are managed properly, to prevent the de- gree of forest fragmentation prevalent in San Martín and Amazonas (Buckingham & Shanee, 2009; Shanee, 2011). Our observations expand the geographical range of L.
flavicauda to central Junín, well beyond the southernmost limit of the species proposed by Aquino et al. (2016b, 2017).
Oryx, 2020, 54(6), 814–818 © 2019 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S003060531900084X
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