Priority areas for jaguar conservation 859


TABLE 2 Ranking of parameters used for prioritization of jaguar conservation units in the Cerrado. Category


Parameter Jaguar conservation unit area 23.5–265 km2 266–5,000 km2 .5,000 km2


Proximity to strictly protected areas, equivalent to IUCN Categories I, II & III (Rylands & Brandon, 2005)


0–30 km Score Justification


0 Regions smaller than the home range of a jaguarmating pair (265 km2, 1 male&2 females; Astete et al., 2008) that could serve as stepping stones (depending on the proximity to other patches&presence of jaguars nearby)


2 4 0


Regions larger than the home range of a jaguar mating pair but not large enough to maintain a population of 50 individuals (5,000 km2, a rounded calculation based on the home range used)


Regions that can maintain a viable population of 50 individuals (5,000km2, a rounded calculation based on the home range used)


Individuals in a jaguar conservation unit could also use the protected area, as it is within the maximum dis- tance of occasional movement (30 km; Cullen, 2006); this unit is not a priority for conservation in the whole biome but can have local importance


31–113 km


1 Protected area is not close enough to be part of the home range of jaguars inhabiting jaguar conservation units but is still reachable by jaguars dispersing among patches; values correspond to the maximum distance of occasional movements observed by Cullen (2006) & the mean dispersal distance calculated following Bowman et al. (2002)


.113 km


Located in a jaguar core conservation area with no protected area


Presence of jaguars


Record inside jaguar core conservation area


Record up to 30 km from jaguar conservation unit


0


Regions are not a priority because they are separated by a distance greater than the mean dispersal distance


2 Areas without legal protection within an area consid- ered to be relevant for jaguars in the biome (regardless of distances to protected areas)


1


These regions may be important to other jaguar indi- viduals of the subpopulation as they have suitable areas for the species survival, despite not being inside the home ranges of the jaguars recorded


3 Maximum distance at which the jaguar conservation unit may be considered to be within the home range of the jaguar recorded, based on 97.5% of the radius of jaguar home range in the Cerrado (Sollmann et al., 2011); this distance is the maximum distance of occasional movements (Cullen, 2006)


Potential for connectivity (according to the probability of connectivity index, PC)


Record inside jaguar conservation unit PC,0.1


0.1,PC,0.5 0.5,PC,1 PC.1


6 0


4 6


Paramount region for these individuals & probably others that live nearby


Non-priority regions in the Cerrado


2 Low-importance regions for the connectivity of all areas in the Cerrado


Medium-importance regions for the connectivity of all areas in the Cerrado


High-importance regions for the connectivity of all areas in the Cerrado


being important for conservation (MMA, 2015), although they are not strictly protected, with 22 units categorized as being of high, very high or extremely high importance (Table 4). Most high-priority jaguar conservation units also lie within areas where the government recognizes the need to establish new reserves (strictly protected or sustain- able use), and 11 are in areas where a mosaic of parks or corridors is desirable (Table 4).


Discussion


Our results indicate there are still suitable areas for jaguars in 30% of the Cerrado but highly suitable areas are scarce. Our model identified more jaguar conservation units than previous studies in this biome (Sanderson et al., 2002; Zeller, 2007; Desbiez et al., 2013), increasing the total area of high-priority jaguar conservation units to 174,825 km2,


Oryx, 2020, 54(6), 854–865 © 2019 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605318000972


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