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Module 1   Qanuq Ilitaavut (Way of Knowing)


While there are many slightly differing traditional designs, all share a few common characteristics: They significantly reduce the user’s vertical field of view, fit fairly snugly across the eyes to eliminate peripheral light, and improve vision.


Today’s hunters wear modern sunglasses or snow goggles often made of Polaroid lenses, which are quite effective in reducing excessive amounts of light. Today the history of these devices informs current scientific research and innovation regarding both the human need to reduce excessive amounts of light (including all forms of heat and radiation) on the eye, and the technological need to reduce it on various instruments and devices, including that of spacecrafts!


Procedure:


1. Write the word “invention” on the board. Briefly brainstorm what signifies a new invention. What have inventions meant to people in the past and today? As a class, identify some important human inventions that come to mind. Are there similarities in the inventions we seem to find of particular importance? Why do humans invent stuff?


2. As a class or individually, go to the “Iyegaatek” page from the Smithsonian Institute under Study Resources for Module 1 in the Investigate section of Logistics at PolarHusky.com.


Click through the interactive features on the page, which include magnified photos of the sun goggles, oral history interview snippets, and so forth. Be sure that students listen and speak the pronunciation of iyegaatek, the Inupiaq word for sun goggles.


Similar goggles were found at archaeological sites on the Bering Sea, where Team GoNorth! is traveling on this expedition.


Background Activity 1-5


Vocabulary: traditional knowledge, sci- entific writing process, scien- tific method, hypothesis, peer review, journal article, snow blindness, Inuit, Inupiat


Assessment: Upon completion of this activity students should: - Reflect on the importance of multiple resources in research and discuss mechanisms and value of the scientific writing process.


- State a scientific problem and develop a hypothesis for its solution (Student Page 1-5 “Snow Goggles”).


- Experiment to evaluate designs for protecting the eyes against sun- light using the scientific method (Student Page 1-5 “Snow Goggles”).


3. As a class, consider the invention of sunglasses—or rather snow goggles! Share with students that the Native Inupiat and Yup’ik people of this region are Inuit peoples and that their ancestors are considered the inventors of snow goggles, the forerunner to sunglasses. How many students have sunglasses or have ever worn sunglasses? Who uses sunglasses today? Are sunglasses an important invention? Why, or why not?


Briefly brainstorm how students think inventions come into being.


Explain to students that many inventions, or scientific investigations, in Western cultures are governed by the scientific method. Write out the steps of the scientific method on the board as you define it as a class:


1. State a problem. 2. Form a hypothesis. 3. Experiment to test the hypothesis. 4. Observe the results of the experiment. 5. Revise the hypothesis or conclude that the hypothesis originally stated is acceptable.


PolarHusky.com © NOMADS Online Classroom Expeditions GoNorth! Beringia 2011 Curriculum 29


- Discuss what is science and consider traditional knowledge in this context.


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