Box 2.3.1: Projected mean species abundance (MSA), 2030
The Global Biodiversity Assessment model (GLOBIO 3) was developed to assess the relationships between environmental pressure factors and biodiversity. Pressure factors used in the model comprise changes in land use (agriculture, forestry and settlements), climate change, infrastructure, fragmentation and nitrogen deposition. By combining results related to individual pressures, the overall change in biodiversity is calculated in terms of mean species abundance (MSA ranking from 0 (completely destroyed) to 1 (pristine)) and the extent of ecosystems (Alkemade et al. 2009).