Percent of GDP


State and Trends


Figure 2.5.2: Global, top ten cities ranked by asset exposure (USD billion) to coastal flooding, 2070’s


Source: Nicholls et al. 2008


since they are volcanically and/or seismically active (Terry and Goff 2012). In particular, the Pacific island states (Figure 2.5.3) are vulnerable to a range of natural hazards such as cyclones and floods, and earthquakes and tsunamis (SPC 2014).


Livelihoods can be impacted negatively by natural disasters, economic crises and climate change. On coastal areas highly exposed to cyclones and typhoons the poor tend to be more exposed to natural disasters because they live on hazardous land (UNESCAP 2013). Evidence suggests that climate change and climate variability and sea-level rise will exacerbate multidimensional poverty in most developing countries. By 2050 areas of storm surge zones are expected for Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines, with a combined total of more than 58 million people at risk (Olsson et al. 2014).


Figure 2.5.3: Pacific island states, economic losses due to tropical cyclones, earthquakes and tsunamis


5.0 6.0 7.0


1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0


0


Source: World Bank 2012a 91


Vanuatu


Niue Tonga


Miconesia, Fed. Sts. Solomon Islands


Fiji


Marshall Islands Cook Islands Palau


Samoa


Papua New Guinea Timor-Leste


Kiribati Tuvalu


Nauru


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