Megatrends, Emerging Issues and Outlooks
electric tricycles, or e-trikes, by the end of 2017. Meanwhile, city buses are increasingly fuelled by electricity across Asia and the Pacific, and some cities are approaching exclusive use of e-buses. A rapid scaling-up of investments in these types of green approaches is needed to reduce energy use in cities, as well as undesirable environmental impacts from dirty energy production. With recent innovation in high- capacity and low-cost batteries and increasing acceptance among governments and consumers, green transport is likely to become a region-wide norm by 2030.
4.4 Outlooks
4.4.1 Overview of regional and sub-regional outlooks
The Asia and the Pacific region is so diverse that one set of outlooks can be misleading. Here, outlooks are plausible futures extending through at least the SDG period (to 2030), and beyond to 2050. The region can be divided into five sub- regions: (i) Northeast Asia: China, Democratic Peoples’ Republic of Korea, Japan, Mongolia and Republic of Korea;
(ii) Southeast Asia: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao Peoples’ Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Timor-Leste, Thailand and Viet Nam;
Key Messages
• The Asia and the Pacific region is very diverse so it is difficult to explore the specific regional implications or priorities of the SDGs.
• The environment will play a key role in achieving the SDGs in all sub-regions. • Most of the issues raised by the SDG are deeply interlinked in the region, so they should be implemented using an integrated approach, especially for resource management.
• The means of implementation should be considered from a broad perspective, including not only finance, but also capacity building, technology, science-policy links and the data revolution. Stronger governance is essential for mobilizing all of the means of implementation.
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(iii) South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka;
(iv) the Pacific: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu;
(v) Australia and New Zealand.
For the sake of simplicity in examining the region’s outlooks, this section draws on overall regional priorities to identify one overarching priority theme for each of three sub-regions – the Pacific combined with Australia and New Zealand, Northeast and Southeast Asia combined, and South Asia – while recognizing that there is still considerable diversity within them (Table 4.4.1). Each sub-region needs to make choices, and elaborating possible options through narrative scenarios may help to clarify their implications.
The defining future theme for the Pacific region, Australia and New Zealand is climate change, since sea-level rise, increased intensity and perhaps frequency of storms, ocean acidification and loss of fisheries, among other effects, are survival issues for many island countries. This theme is embedded in the regional priority area of increased vulnerability to natural hazards and extreme events. Australia and New Zealand, as major development partners and potential destinations for environmental refugees, provide significant assistance.
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