GEO-6 Regional Assessment for Asia and the Pacific Petajoules


industry for permanent magnets, metal alloys and catalysts, electronics and renewable-energy infrastructure. The region has the highest share of global demand for REMs and this is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 9.1 per cent from 2013, mainly due to rapidly increasing demand in China, which currently accounts for about 60 per cent of global consumption. On the supply side, almost 50 per cent of reserves are in China (King 2015).


While the global economy is not running out of natural resources, the affordability and timely availability of strategic materials has been decreasing sharply since the turn of the century and economies are now more vulnerable to reduced security of supply. Increasing resource use will affect the environment, climate and human health negatively.


1.2.3 Energy supply, intensity and sustainability under pressure


The region’s total primary energy supply (TPES) has increased more than fourfold over the 1970–2010, period and accounted for 45 per cent of the world’s TPES in 2015. Energy intensity in the region’s developing countries has improved rapidly but is still more than double the world average.


The demand for electricity, gas and transport fuel in the region also increased more than fourfold between 1970 and 2015 (UNEP 2015). Energy use has grown by 5.7 per cent per year on average, from about 43 000 petajoules in 1975 to around 277 000 petajoules in 2015 (Figure 1.2.5), and is largely dependent on non-renewable energy sources, mainly


Figure 1.2.5: Asia and the Pacific and world, total primary energy supply, petajoules, 1970–2015


100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000 600 000 700 000


0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Asia and the Pacific Sources: CSIRO 2015; UNEP 2015 18 1995 Asia and the Pacific Rest of the World World 2000 2005 2010 2015


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