Policies, Goals and Objectives
plans and strategies with the related SDGs and targets will be crucial for maximizing the impact of policies for achieving environmental sustainability. There is also a need to boost finances and resources significantly to develop environmental statistical capacity in the region, which has received less than 1 per cent of the allocated funds for developing statistical capacity across several areas. The role of national councils for sustainable development, the Network for Integrated Planning and Sustainable Development Strategies-Asia and Pacific (SDplanNet-AP) and similar bodies will also be crucial to boost capacity for successful implementation of the SDGs. The active role of United Nations bodies in the region, such as the UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific and UN ESCAP, will also be necessary for coherent, efficient and effective implementation of the SDGs. Further, citizens and the private sector should be mobilized by adequate space within government or in UN-led programmes and initiatives.
3.2 Success stories
The international and regional agreements outlined in Section 3.1 are extremely important as statements of collective policy intent in the region. Just as important,
Key Messages
There are promising initiatives by countries in the region to address environmental challenges which also have the potential to be tailored, up scaled and replicated.
• Policy focus to meet the MDGs in South and Southeast Asia has been the provision of improved and affordable health care, improve food security and thereby reducing extreme hunger and malnutrition.
• Resource use efficiency has been achieved through policies through various policies and initiatives. • There has been increase in application of market based instruments with in addressing various environmental challenges.
• Joint forest management committees and community-based forest management have successfully restored forest ecosystems while maintaining the livelihoods of the poor and marginalized. • Local awareness raising and capacity building for disaster risk reduction is common.
Sustainability of the success stories is contingent to the nexus of innovative developmental policies and environmental health of the region.
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however, are the policies that have been adopted by individual countries. Table 3.2.1 captures some effective policies and interventions for sustainable development that were initiated at the national level.
3.2.1 Improving access to basic services
Affordable health care can improve quality of life significantly. Thailand’s Universal Coverage Health Scheme has successfully reduced individual health expenses, particularly among the poor, and increased coverage to 99 per cent of the population (UNDP 2012a). The share of public health- care expenditure in total government health expenditure increased from 56 per cent in 2001 to 80 per cent in 2013 (T. Mongkhonvanit et al 2016) (Figure 3.2.1).
The Malaysian government built up stakes in the commercial health-care sector in order to direct limited health-care resources to poorer citizens. The government subsidy was estimated at 55 per cent of total health-care spending (WHO 2013). India’s National Rural Health Mission has been able to provide financial resources to local governments and strengthen last-mile health service delivery, train human
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