10


MODERN ADDICTIONS 10.1 Vocabulary ‘neutral’ and ‘marked’ words • expressing confidence/tentativeness


A Study the words in box a. 1 Use your dictionary to find out the meanings.


2 What part of speech is each word? B Read the Hadford University handout.


1 Use your dictionary or another source to check the meanings of the highlighted phrases.


2 Which are the stressed syllables in each phrase? Which two phrases have the same stress pattern?


C Look at the pictures on the opposite page. 1 What do you think is happening in each picture?


2 What addiction or compulsion does each one represent?


D Study the words in box b.


1 Check the meanings, parts of speech and stress patterns.


2 Put the words into the correct box in the table below, as in the example.


Neutral rise, increase


fall, decrease big, large, high good small


E Read the extract from the newspaper article.


1 Use a marked word in place of each of the blue (neutral) words.


2 Look at the red phrases. How strong or confident are they?


It’s generally accepted that Internet use has risen recently because of the large expansion of networks across the world. Undoubtedly, this is the cause of a big increase in the number of Internet addicts.


We probably all knowsomeone at work, or amongst our friends, who can’t resist the urge to spend all night playing games or chatting on the Internet, even when it’s clear that they’ll be too tired in the morning to


78 Marked rocket, soar Abuse and dependency


According to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), four criteria define substance abuse: repetitious use, neglect of social responsibilities, use in dangerous situations and continued use even when users experience harmful effects. Dependency is defined by the addition of two more criteria: tolerance symptoms (the need for increased consumption of the substance to achieve satisfaction) and withdrawal symptoms (negative reactions when the substance is not used). Some specialists assert that these criteria can also be applied to behavioural disorders. For instance, excessive Internet use could be considered a dependency when users meet all six criteria.


b brilliant insignificant significant collapse enormous extraordinary fantastic huge


outstanding plummet soar


tremendous


carry out the smallest of their daily tasks.We can also be fairly sure that their performance levels at work or school will decrease.


In psychological journals, it has been suggested that Internet addictions may fall into the category of impulse control disorders, which could also include other behavioural disorders, such as kleptomania.


least massive minimal rocket


superb tumble


a addiction bulimia compulsion dependency kleptomania obsession relapse


repetitious salience substance withdrawal


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