7.2 Listening


fixed phrases • sequencing information in sentences


A You are going to hear this lecture. Write four questions you would like answered.


B ≤Listen to Part 1 of the lecture.


1 What is the lecturer going to talk about today? Write yes, no or not mentioned. 


information retrieval ____  encoding information ____  definition of memory ____ types of memory


  


creation of memory forgetting


____ ____ ____


2 What are the four main stages of memory?


C ≤Listen to Part 2 of the lecture. 1 Make notes in an appropriate form.


2 What is another word for input? 3 What does encodingmean in the context of memory? 4 Were your questions in Exercise A answered?


D Match each phrase in the first column of the table on the right with the type of information that can follow.


E ≤Listen to Part 3 of the lecture.


1 Make notes on the information that comes after the phrases in Exercise D.


2 Were your questions in Exercise A answered?


Psychology Faculty


Memory (Lecture 1) Lecture overview


• Memory process • Types of memory • Early theories


Fixed phrase


1 An important concept (is) …


2 What do I mean by …?


3 As you can see, …


4 Looking at it another way, …


5 In historical terms, …


6 Say …


• Recent theories • Forgetting


Followed by …


a different way to think about the topic


an imaginary example a key statement or idea


a concluding comment giving a result of something


a new idea or topic that the lecturer wants to discuss


a comment about a diagram or picture


7 The point is … an explanation of a word or phrase


8 In this way … a general idea put into a historical context


F ≤Listen for sentences 1–4 in Part 4 of the lecture. Which sentence (a or b) follows in each case? Why? See Skills bank.


1 There are several theories about why people forget events. a Faulty encoding, displacement, brain damage, lack of use and repression are amongst them. b Amongst them are: faulty encoding, displacement, brain damage, lack of use and repression.


2 Faulty encoding means that certain information may not be available because it hasn’t been recorded correctly in the first place. a This could happen when there is physical damage to the senses – to hearing or sight, for example. b Physical damage to the senses of hearing or sight may make certain information unavailable.


3 Another reason why information may not be available is if it has been replaced by new information. a This particularly applies to short-term memory. b Short-term memory is often affected in this way.


4 In some cases, information may not be transferred from short-term to long-term memory as a result of damage to the hippocampus. a There are several important parts of the brain, as you will remember, including the hippocampus. b As you’ll remember, this is the part of the brain that recycles information and converts it into long-term memory.


G This lecturer is not very well organized. What problems are there in the lecture? 56


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