9


PERSONALITY 9.1 Vocabulary fixed phrases • psychological terms


A Match the words to make fixed phrases. 1 personality 2 identical 3 genetic 4 self


5 factor 6 trait 7 social


8 emotional


f cognition g traits


h actualization B Study the words and phrases in the blue box.


1 Complete each phrase in column 2 with a word from column 1.


2 Which phrase can you use to: 


   


agree only partly with a point?


 begin talking about several points? talk about a particular example? introduce the first of two ideas? introduce the second of two ideas? focus on the most important point?  give a reason for a point?  mention an idea?


 talk about certain circumstances? C Look at the pictures on the opposite page.


1 Match the following personality theories with each psychologist: self-efficacy, trait theory, humanism, self-actualization, situationism.


2 Which of these psychologists supported social construction?


3 Match each person with the correct quote (A–E).


4 Replace the words in italics with a phrase from Exercise B.


D Read the extract from the Hadford University handout about personality theories on this page.


1 Match the blue words in this extract with the definitions on the opposite page.


2 Use your dictionary to check words you do not know. E Complete the table on the right.


70


 Important research into the genetic origins of personality traits has been based on twin studies.


 Bandura claimed that self-efficacy is increased by autonomy.


 Cattell used a multivariate research method, whereas Eysenck’s model was microanalytical.


 The five-factor model of personality includes the elements of extroversion and neuroticism.


 According to Mischel’s theory of situationism, the personality varies in different contexts.


 Nomothetic approaches, which focus on common traits, are not incompatible with idiographic approaches to personality.


Base form Other related forms actualize


arouse conceptualize consist explain inherit resemble specify typify


1


a inheritance b analysis c theory d stability e twins


a to the some many this that


2


… start with … people think on … other hand to … extent on … one hand … real question is on … grounds that in … case like this in … sort of situation


actualization actualized


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