2 BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY


behave


behave /bi'heiv/ v [I] 1. act in a specific way: Some chemicals behave unpredictably when they are subjected to heat. 2. act in a socially acceptable way: The children usually behave when they visit their grandmother.


behaviour /bi'heivə(r)/ n [U] 1. a way of acting: The children were on their best behaviour. 2. (Psych.) a response to a stimulus under controlled conditions: The behaviour of Pavlov’s dogs was conditioned in laboratory experiments.


behavioural /bi'heivərəl/ adj relating to behaviour: behavioural psychology


behaviourism n [U] /bi'heivərizəm/ (Psych.) the theory that human behaviour is dictated by responses to external stimuli: Behaviourism is a widely accepted theory in modern psychology.


behaviourist /bi'heivərist/ n [C] someone who supports the theory of behaviourism: B.F. Skinner was an influential 20th-century behaviourist.


conditional


cognition /kɒ'niʃn/ n [U] 1. the process of thinking. 2. the result of cognition. – cognitive /'kɒnətiv/ adj relating to thought processes


cognitivism /'kɒnitivizəm/ n [U] the theory that the brain acquires knowledge by processing information


condition /kən'diʃn/ n [C] 1. a state: a mental condition 2. (pl) specific circumstances: Social conditions may affect motivation. 3. a limitation on a situation: He agreed to pay for the damage on the condition that he could see the completed work. 4. (Psych.) a treatment in an experiment – conditioning /kən'diʃəniŋ/ n [U] 1. the process of modifying behaviour by stimulus and reinforcement.


condition /kən'diʃn/ v [T] (Psych.) to modify behaviour by stimulus and reinforcement: Pavlov conditioned his dogs to salivate when a light flashed.


conditional /kən'diʃənl/ adj depending on conditions – conditionally /kən'diʃənəli/ adv.


PSYCHOLOGY pure process


• behaviourist • cognitive


• biopsychology • neuropsychology


SCIENCE


APPROACH THEORY


FIELD


applied person


• psychodynamic • humanistic • social constructivist


• social


• developmental/ educational


• forensic


• organizational/ occupational


• clinical 15


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