TRANSCRIPTS
branches: social psychology, neuropsychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology and clinical psychology. Within these branches there are other more specialized fields. I’m going to describe each of these branches and some of their subfields.
Introduction 2
If everybody’s ready, I’ll start. Right ... In today’s lecture, we’ll be looking at the problem of drug dependency amongst teenagers and young people. There are many causes of drug dependency and the effects are multiple. Today, I’m going to limit myself to tracing a chain of cause and effect that starts with teenage experimentation with drugs and ends with crime.
Introduction 3
Good morning to you all. In the first part of today’s lecture, I’m going to trace language acquisition from infancy (0–2 years) through to 5 years. In the second part, I’ll be relating language acquisition to Piaget’s three stages of cognitive development, ending with pre-adolescence (11–12 years).
Introduction 4
Good morning. Everybody ready? Good. Now, today I’ll be looking at the historical origins of psychology and some of the key developments that have led to its current scientific status. The scientific approach to the study of the mind is based on empiricism; the theory that we can only know things through physical and observable evidence, and you will see that a number of early theories have been validated by modern experimental research.
Introduction 5
In this morning’s lecture, I’m going to compare two types of conditioning, also known as behaviour modification; one was developed by Pavlov, and the other by Skinner. I’ve chosen Pavlov and Skinner because their research had an enormous influence on 20th
-century learning theories, and affected generations of teachers and students.
Unit 1, Lesson 1.4, Exercise E≤1.6 Lecture 1
Good morning. In this lecture, I’m going to talk about some of the different branches of psychology. Broadly speaking, there are five main branches: social psychology, neuropsychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology and clinical psychology. Within these branches
there are other more specialized fields. I’m going to describe each of these branches and some of their subfields.
The first branch I’m going to talk about is social
psychology. This branch is concerned with how people relate to each other in groups. It includes analyzing ways individuals are affected by mass behaviour and the media. One of the applications of social psychology is in government planning. By analyzing patterns of social behaviour, government departments can draw up effective policies. Another area where social psychology is useful is industry. For example, in the advertising world, social psychologists carry out surveys to find out how effective an advertising campaign has been.
Now I’d like to go on to describe one subfield
of social psychology, and that is organizational psychology. This field focuses particularly on group dynamics and how people are motivated at work. It’s important because it has practical applications in all organizations. Its main function is to design effective systems to help people work productively together. For example, it can be used to design management structures, establish effective teams, select the best employees, and motivate them.
The second main branch of psychology I’d like to
talk about is neuropsychology. This is the branch of psychology that studies the structure of the brain and the effect that stimuli may have on the nervous system and behaviour. Neuropsychology is especially useful in the field of medicine; for example, a neuropsychologist may analyze people’s behaviour when they have taken specific drugs. But, neuropsychology can also have an application in the commercial world … When you go to a restaurant or a supermarket, have you noticed how the lighting or the background music affects your mood? Yes? ... Well, the retail and catering industries use the research of neuropsychologists to decide which lighting and music will make customers feel like spending more.
Let’s move on now to a third branch –
developmental psychology. This branch focuses, as you might expect, on the way people’s brains develop and mature during their lifetime. It is concerned with the ways in which children and young people form their understanding of the world and their relationship with it.
Next, I’d like to look at an important subfield
of developmental psychology – educational psychology. This is the specialist field that deals with learning. It is closely linked to developmental psychology because it is concerned with the relationship between the evolution of the
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