NATURAL LIGHT
direction of the sun – the building was oriented to ensure that all patient rooms have a good exposure, and that all places of work, the patients and the public are able to enjoy the natural light. Open courtyards of different sizes have been designed into the building, to allow sunlight to enter the building at all hours of the day. The underground spaces have been naturally lit through the use of patios and skylights.
Hospital Quiron Barcelona The Hospital Quiron has a gross area of 57.775 m2
. The hospital is divided by
intensive care: the levels are completely off the ground in the shape of an ‘L’. The plants that are located between the input level inpatient and outpatient clinics have been devoted to external special exams, intensive care and the day hospital. The two levels immediately below the
hall have been allocated to social services such as emergency rooms, diagnostic imaging, surgical unit, decontamination facilities and laboratories. Due to the steep slope of the plot and its
topography, courtyards have been well defined to ensure that natural light is available at all levels. The lower floors of the building house general logistics services and car parking. This hospital is perhaps the best example
of how the architect can ensure that even underground spaces are illuminated with natural light. The hospital has seven underground levels, and all have natural lighting through the use of skylights, ensuring a high level of visual comfort.
Hospital del Mar, Barcelona The most important features of the design of this building are: • The definition of the new alignments of the main facades of the hospital with the sea.
• The merger of research, education and health care activities.
• The use of natural light as a defining element of the space and comfort. The new proposal allows natural light even in the arrivals areas of the old hospital and the creation of underground courtyards provides a way of maximising the natural lighting in new buildings.
• The entry of visitors – Access for hospital technicians are clearly differentiated from those of patients and visitors and inside
Hospital del Mar, Barcelona (Architects: Albert De Pineda Álvarez Pinearq, (S.L.U.P.) and Manuel Brullet i Tenas Brullet i Associats, (S.L.)).
the building there is a clear differentiation of the internal paths, so that visitors, staff and bedridden are always separated.
• Ensuring a good relationship between the building and the external environment.
• Underground lighting through the use of skylights.
Hospital Sant Joan Despi Doctor Moises Broggi Hospital Sant Joan Despi has a gross area of 45.725 m2
. The conditioning input, tax and
the external environment surrounding the building were the motivation behind the design.
The main entrance is at the far south-west of the plot, at the highest elevation, from where it is possible to gain access to the outpatient facilities. Pursuing the idea of different access to the building, depending on the functions being performed, the entrance to the emergency room is located at the far north-east of the lot, which is at a lower level compared to main entrance. Finally, the eastern entrance of the building is reserved for the loading and unloading of goods. The idea is that of a hospital building is
easily accessible, barrier-free and perfectly integrated into its site. The underground areas of the hospital are lit with natural light via large skylights in the conical section, and patios.
‘Important considerations to create a good design of underground spaces in hospitals include the need to consider views and potential access openings to both natural and artificial green spaces.’
78 In this case study, the design philosophy
Albert Alvarez de Pineda is reflected perfectly again, where the natural light and the visual and psychological comfort for inhabitants are characterized in all areas of the hospital, including underground spaces. The skylights and patios used are shown in the images and construct all of the details that follow.
Matrix of analysis From an analysis of the hospitals, three design features used by the designer can be identified. These carry the light into different levels of the hospitals. It can be seen that there is a higher
percentage in the use of patios combined with skylights with the advantage of offering more natural light and more comfort for inhabitants due to the relationship between interior and exterior.
Design guidelines Important considerations to create a good design of underground spaces in hospitals include the need to consider views and potential access openings to both natural and artificial green spaces; to study orientation, respecting the east-west line; and to study the building exposure so that its composition matches architectural spaces open to the exterior.
Conclusion The study shows that the basis of a good hospital is good architecture that can humanise a hospital. All those inside the hospital are there for different reasons, but there is an important factor that unites them –and that is the need for comfort, both visual and emotional. It is, therefore, proposed that
environments should reflect domesticity, IFHE DIGEST 2014
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