ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Options1
Table 1: Addenbrooke’s Hospital, refurbishment options and environmental control strategies. Mechanical ventilation
strategy2 0
NVMVRH: Current building, natural and
radiant ceiling heating. 1
SMVHC: Sealed building, mechanical 2
SMVRHC: Sealed building, mechanical
cooling. 3
NVMVPH: Natural
ventilation, mechanical Heating only ventilation, with perimeter heating.
4
CVPH: Natural cross ventilation, perimeter heating.
None Manually Cross
operable. ventilation ducts.
Inactive Yes 22˚C10 Fixed external Substantially
PHsp = 21˚C, shading to exposed south
Perimeter elevation dampers actuated by BMS
5
SVPH: Natural stack ventilation, perimeter heating.
None
Manually Stacks. operable Cross
and BMS ventilation control
ducts. Perimeter dampers actuated by BMS.
0 NV – natural ventilation; MV – mechanical ventilation; RH – radiant ceiling heating; MVHC – mechanical ventilation heating and cooling; RHC – radiant heating and cooling; PH – perimeter heating; CV – cross ventilation; SV – stack ventilation.
1 In all cases: floor area, 70.3 m2
space below, the void, was exposed to external conditions. In all options the internal doors closed. Vertical elevations have 100mm insulation and roof 300mm insulation k=0.025W/mK; window area,12.2 m2 height, 190 m3
; with exposed concrete ceiling at 3.9 m height, c270 m3 Options 2 to 5 – double glazing, no blinds, U=1.9W/m2 K.
4 VHspt – ventilation heating set-point, heat output ramped down from 100% when ambient temperature, Ta 5 VCspt – ventilation cooling set-point, heat output ramped up from zero when Ta
≤18˚C to 100% at Ta
6 Insulation above panels and existing pipe work and connections repaired as necessary. 7 RHspt – radiant heating set-point, output ramped down from 100% when, Ta
9 Occupants assumed to open windows if wind speed below 7.5 m2. Maximum opening, 100 mm, giving an area of 1.0 m2 for 3 NVMVPH, 1.2 m2
8 RCspt – radiant cooling set-point, output ramped up from zero when Ta for 4 CVPH and 1.7 m2
20˚C≤Ta 26 ≤21˚C, then closing to 25% at Ta ≥23˚C. for 5 SVPH. Openings of top and bottom windows by 0% if Ta 10 PHspt – perimeter heating set-point is 21˚C summer and 22˚C winter. Heat output ramps down from 100% when, Ta ≤-3˚C to 60% at Ta ≤18˚C to 100% at Ta ≥20˚C. for Existing option, 2.4 m2
≤15˚C ramping open to 100% at ≤16˚C to 0% at Ta
=18˚C. IFHE DIGEST 2014 ≤16˚C to zero at Ta ≥20˚C. =15˚C, and off at Ta =16˚C. ≤18˚C. ; and with part exposed ceiling height 3.3m on average, Option3, 227 m3
2 All mechanically ventilated strategies have heat recovery at 60% efficiency, with summer by-pass function. 3 Option 1 – existing windows with additional single pane protecting interstitial blinds in ventilated cavity, U=1.8W/m2
K.
, surrounding five spaces all assumed to be at same temperature as modelled space except in option 5 in which the , i.e.17% window-to-floor area ratio. Volumes vary – with existing ceiling at 2.7 m
. Inactive Yes
PHsp = 21˚C, 22˚C10
Deep facade Substantially exposed
Central AHU 4ach-1 VHspt = 18˚C4
Manually operable9
– Inactive Yes 22˚C10 Fixed external Part exposed,
PHsp = 21˚C, shading to existing south ceilings cut elevation
back from perimeter
Central AHU 4ach-1 Heating only
ventilation but radiant VHspt = 18˚C4 ceiling heating and
Sealed
Radiant heating No and cooling6 RHspt=26˚C7 RCspt=22˚C8
Fixed external No shading to south
elevation
Central AHU 4ach-1 Heating only
mechanical ventilation, VHspt = 18˚C4 Central AHU 6ach-1
ventilation with heating VHspt = 22˚C4 and cooling.
= 24˚C5
Air heating and cooling VCspt
Sealed – Inactive No
Blinds within No window system
Manually – Radiant heating No operable
RHspt=30/32.5˚C None No
Natural ventilation strategy
Windows3 Other
Space heating strategy
Radiant Perim. heat. ceiling
Solar shading
Passive environmental features
Exposed ceiling slab
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100