264

Part II Nutrition Assessment, Consequences, and Implications SUMMARY

EN and PN support, once predominantly confined to acute-care settings, is often used in home care and is becoming more commonplace in nursing facilities. Technological advances in nutrition support, the aging of the population, and the changing focus toward health care outside the hospital will ensure the continu- ation of this trend. RDNs play a vital role in ensuring that nutrition support is provided in a safe and effica- cious manner by assisting in the design and implemen- tation of the nutrition care plan, monitoring and documenting the client’s response to therapy, and rec- ommending appropriate adjustments when necessary.

REFERENCES 1. Tappenden KA, Quatrara B, Parkhurst ML, Malone A, Fanjiang G, Ziegler T. Critical role of nutrition in improving quality of care: an interdisciplinary call to action to address adult hospital malnutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2013:37(4):482-497.

2. Kuo S, Rhodes R, Mitchel S, Mor V, Teno J. Natural history of feeding tube use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009;10(4):264-270.

3. Bui GT, Edakkanambeth Varayi J, Hurt RT, Neutzling KA, Cook KE, Head DL, Mueller PS, Swetz KM. The prevalence and contents of advance directives in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014 [epub ahead of print].

4. Guigoz Y. The mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) review of the literature—What does it tell us? J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10:466-487.

5. Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T, Thomas DR, Anthony P, Charlton KE, Maggio M, Tsai AC, Grathwohl D, Vellas B, Sieber CC; MNA-International Group. Validation of the mini- nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF): a practi- cal tool for identification of nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13:782-788.

6. van Stijn MFM, Korkic-Halilovic I, Bakker MSM, van der Ploeg T, van Leeuwen PAM, Houdijk APJ. Preoper- ative nutrition status and postoperative outcome in elderly general surgery patients: a systematic review. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013;37:37-43.

7. Isenring E, Banks M, Ferguson M, Bauer J. Beyond malnutrition screening: appropriate methods to guide nutrition care for aged care residents. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(3):376-381.

8. Wellman NS, Kamp BJ. Nutrition in aging. In: Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S, Raymond JL, eds. Krause’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process. 13th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2012:442.

9. Jensen GL, Bistrian B, Roubenoff R, Heimburger DC. Malnutrition syndromes: a conundrum vs continuum. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009;33:710-716.

10. Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(2):241-247.

11. Symons TB, Sheffield-Moore M, Wolfe R, Paddon- Jones D. A moderate serving of high-quality protein maximally stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in young and elderly. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(9):1582-1586.

12. Dickerson RO, Maish G, Croce MS, Minard G, Brown RO. Influence of aging on nitrogen accretion during critical illness. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015;39(3):282-290.

13. Hamilton C, Seidner D. Home parenteral nutrition in adults. In: Ireton-Jones C, DeLegge M, eds. Handbook of Home Nutrition Support. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2007:115.

14. Schwartz D. Ethical decisions for withholding/with- drawing medically assisted nutrition and hydration. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115:440-443.

15. Kindle RS, Davis R, Gravenstein L. Home nutrition support from the patient’s perspective. In: Ireton-Jones C, DeLegge M, eds. Handbook of Home Nutrition Sup- port. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2007:413.

16. Bankhead R, Boullata J, Brantley S, Corkins M, Guenter P, Krenitsky J, Lyman B, Metheny NA, Muel- ler C, Robbins S, Wessel J. A.S.P.E.N. Enteral nutrition practice recommendations. JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2009;33(2):158-162.

17. Freeman C, Ricevuto A, DeLegge MH. Enteral nutri- tion in patients with dementia and stroke. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26(2):156-159.

18. Candy B, Sampson EL, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding in older people with advanced dementia: findings from a Cochrane systematic review. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2009;15(8):396-404.

19. Russel C. Tube feeding in the nursing home. In: Watson R, ed. Handbook of Nutrition in the Aged. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2000: 309-317

20. Vanek VW. Ins and outs of enteral access. Part 1: short- term access. Nutr Clin Pract. 2002;17:275-283.

21. Raymond J, Ireton-Jones C. Food and nutrient delivery: nutrition support methods. In Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S, Raymond JL, eds. Krause’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process. 13th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saun- ders; 2012:306.

22. Klang M, McLymont V, Ng N. Osmolality, pH, and compatibility of selected oral liquid medications with an enteral nutrition product. JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2013;37:689-694.

23. Metheney NA, Schallom L, Oliver DA, Clouse RE. Gastric residual volume and aspiration in critically ill patients receiving gastric feedings. Am J Crit Care. 2008;17(6):512-519.