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Part II Nutrition Assessment, Consequences, and Implications

consumption of between-meal snacks and nutritional supplements, and reviewing the continued relevance of any current nutritional interventions. The reassessment may require the adjustment of interventions and goals for positive nutrition outcomes.

Medical management of nutrition in older adults is complex due to complicated etiologies, which require aggressive nutrition support as well as managing the nutrition of those who are terminally ill and under pal- liative care treatment plans that allow for dehydration and low oral intake. RDNs working with physicians and other health care practitioners should seek evi- dence-based guidance as much as possible during the nutrition assessment and for determining and docu- menting risk factors and unavoidable nutrition decline.

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2. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Evidence Analysis Library: Nutrition Care Process. http://andevi- dencelibrary.com/topic.cfm?cat=3583&auth=1. Accessed December 28, 2015.

3. [No authors listed.] Identifying patients at risk: ADA’s definitions for nutrition screening and nutrition assess- ment. Council on Practice (COP) Quality Management Committee [published correction appears in J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:1101]. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94(8):838-839.

4. Nutrition Screening Initiative. Determine Your Nutri- tional Health Checklist. Report of Nutrition Screening 1: Toward a Common View. Washington, DC: Nutrition Screening Initiative; 1991. www.google.com/url?sa=t& rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact= 8&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fn utritionandaging.fiu.edu%2Fdownloads%2FNSI_ checklist.pdf&ei=7EYHVYXaD8WwogSiz4CwDA&u sg=AFQjCNHRnrxaV5eMhqNhaM74rGBsNAiDKg&s ig2=qX9DccbNRwIvH4CUMvJJxg. Accessed Decem- ber 28, 2015.

5. Nutrition Screening Initiative. Level I Screen. Report of Nutrition Screening 1: Toward a Common View. Wash- ington, DC: Nutrition Screening Initiative; 1991.

6. Nutrition Screening Initiative. Level II Screen. Report of Nutrition Screening 1: Toward a Common View. Washington, DC: Nutrition Screening Initiative; 1991.

7. Chernoff, R. Nutrition screening monitoring tools. In: Berdanier CD, Dwyer JT, Heber D, eds. Handbook of Nutrition and Foods. 3rd ed. New York, NY: CRC Press; 2013.

8. Gates G. Clinical reasoning: an essential component of dietetic practice. Top Clin Nutr. 1992;7(3):78.

9. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nutrition Care Manual. Older Adult Nutrition. www.nutritioncareman- ual.org/category.cfm?ncm_category_id=1&ncm_ heading=Older%20Adult%20Nutrition. Accessed December 28, 2015.

10. Dietetics in Health Care Communities. DHCC Pocket Resource for Nutrition Assessment, 2013 Revision. Chi- cago, IL: Dietetics in Health Care Communities; 2013.

11. Mahan K, Escott-Stump S, Raymond JL, eds. Krause’s Food & the Nutrition Care Process. 13th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.

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15. Wolfe RR, Miller SL, Miller KB. Optimal protein intake in the elderly. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(5):675-684. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2008.06.008.

16. Paddon-Jones D, Rasmussen BB. Dietary protein rec- ommendations and the prevention of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(1):86-90.

17. Coulston AM, Mandelbaum D, Reaven GM. Dietary management of nursing home residents with non-insu- lin dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51:67-71.

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19. Pioneer Network Food and Dining Clinical Standards Task Force. New Dining Practice Standards. Rochester, NY: Pioneer Network; 2011. www.pioneernetwork.net /Providers/DiningPracticeStandards/. Accessed January 7, 2015.

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21. Administration on Aging, Administration for Commu- nity Living. A Profile of Older Americans: 2013. Wash- ington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging; 2014. www.aoa. gov/Aging_Statistics/Profile/2013/docs/2013_Profile. pdf. Accessed December 28, 2015.

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