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Chapter 16 Laboratory Assessment
Total serum cholesterol levels decrease with (1): ●
malabsorption
protein-energy malnutrition hyperthyroidism pernicious anemia ● hemolytic anemia sepsis stress
● ● ● ● ● ● liver disease ● AIDS
The following drugs may increase total serum choles- terol levels (1): ●
ACTH ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
anabolic steroids beta-blockers corticosteroids epinephrine phenytoin
sulfonamides thiazide diuretics ● vitamin D
The following drugs may decrease total serum choles- terol levels (1): ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
allopurinol androgens
bile-salt binding agents captopril
chlorpropamide clofibrate colchicine
erythromycin cytomel isoniazid
● mevacor ● neomycin niacin
●
HDL levels increase with (1): ●
● ●
frequent exercise liver disease
moderate alcohol intake
HDL levels decrease with (1): ●
high alcohol intake
● smoking ● AIDS
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LDL and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels increase with (1): ●
●
hyperlipidemia high-fat diet
LDL and VLDL levels decrease with (1): ●
●
malnutrition malabsorption
● AIDS
The following drugs may increase LDL and VLDL levels (1): ●
aspirin ● ● ●
phenothiazines steroids
sulfonamides Triglycerides
Normal Values ●
Less than 150 mg/dL; less than 1.69 mmol/L (SI) (5)
Nutritional Significance Triglycerides are a form of fat found in the blood- stream. They are transported in the blood by VLDL and LDL. Excess levels of triglycerides are seen in individuals consuming a high-fat diet; high levels of alcohol; and very-low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets (1). Triglyceride levels increase with (1):
● ● ●
glycogen storage disease hyperlipidemia hypertension
● MI ●
● ● hypothyroidism
high-carbohydrate diet or high-fat diet poorly controlled diabetes ● nephrotic syndrome alcoholic cirrhosis alcohol
● ●
Triglyceride levels decrease with (1): ●
malabsorption ● ●
protein-energy malnutrition hyperthyroidism
● AIDS
Cholestyramine may increase triglyceride levels. The following drugs may decrease triglyceride levels (1): ●
●
ascorbic acid asparaginase