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Part II Nutrition Assessment, Consequences, and Implications

TABLE 16.4 Laboratory Screening for Other Chronic Diseases Laboratory Test Cholesterol

Normal Values CHD

< 200 mg/dL < 5.20 mmol/L

HDL AST (SGOT) ALT (SGPT) BUN Potassium Creatinine Glucose

> 40 mg/dL > 60 mg/dL

0–35 IU/L 0.58 μKat

4–36 UI/L 4–36 U/L

10–20 mg/dL 3.6–7.1 mmol/L

3.5–5 mEq/L 3.5–5 mmol/L

0.6–1.2 mg/dL 44–97 μmol/L

70–110 mg/dL 3.9–6.1 mmol/L

> 200 mg/dL < 35 mg/dL Elevated with MI N/A Elevated with MI Normal Normal Elevated with MI N/A N/A N/A Elevated Elevated Elevated N/A

ESRD DM N/A

LD > 200 mg/dL < 35 mg/dL N/A N/A

Normal or elevated

Normal or elevated

Normal or elevated

> 126 mg/dL Rapidly

declining levels N/A

Elevated Elevated Declining value Normal Normal Shifts dramatically

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CHD, coronary heart disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LD, liver disease; MI, myocardial infarction; N/A, not applicable; SGOT, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase.

Source: Data are from references 1 and 5. Litchford MD. Laboratory Assessment of Nutritional Status: Bridging Theory and Practice. Greensboro, NC: CASE Software; 2011.

Pagana KD, Pagana TJ. Mosby’s Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests. 5th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2014. Aspartate Aminotransferase

Normal Values ●

●

Adults: 0 to 35 IU/L; 0 to 0.58 μKat/L (SI) (5) Older adults: slightly higher than adults (50

Nutritional Significance Aspartate aminotransferase (AST; formerly called serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) is an enzyme primarily found in the heart, liver, and skele- tal muscle cells and to a lesser degree in the kidneys and pancreas. AST is one of the enzymes tested in the cardiac enzyme series, along with creatinine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase. AST levels rise within 6 to 10 hours of a myocardial infarction (MI), peak between 12 and 48 hours, and return to normal in 3 to 4 days, unless more cardiac injury occurs. AST levels may be monitored to estimate the time of the MI. Other laboratory tests are also used in conjunction with AST (1).

● ● ● ● ● ● AST levels increase with (1):

● MI ●

cardiac catheterization and angioplasty hepatitis

hepatic cirrhosis or necrosis acute pancreatitis

skeletal muscle trauma burns

acute renal failure

AST levels decrease with: ●

beriberi ● ●

diabetic ketoacidosis chronic renal failure

The following drugs may increase AST levels: ●

aspirin ● antihypertensives