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Part II Nutrition Assessment, Consequences, and Implications BOX 14.3 Nutritional Implications of Cancer-Related Surgeries

Oral Cavity ●

Difficulty with chewing and swallowing, potential risk of aspiration

● Alterations in taste and smell

Pharynx/Larynx ●

Esophagus ●

Alterations in normal swallowing/dysphagia, potential risk of aspiration

Alterations in normal swallowing/dysphagia, potential risk of aspiration

● Anastomotic leak

Lungs ●

Dyspnea

Stomach ●

Dumping syndrome

● Dehydration ● Early satiety

● Fat malabsorption

Liver ●

Hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia ● Fluid and electrolyte malabsorption

Pancreas ●

Early satiety

● Gastroparesis ● Diarrhea

● Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Small Bowel ●

Diarrhea

● Lactose intolerance ● Bile acid depletion ● Dehydration

Colorectal ●

● Diarrhea Increased transit time ● Dehydration ●

Vitamin and mineral malabsorption (vitamins A, D, E, K, B-12; folic acid; magnesium; calcium; zinc; iron)

● Hyperglycemia ● Fat malabsorption

●

Vitamin and mineral malabsorption (vitamins A, D, E, K, B-12; calcium; zinc; iron)

● Fluid and electrolyte imbalance ●

● Early satiety

● Gastroparesis, indigestion, decreased motility ●

● Esophagitis ● Sore mouth and throat ● Xerostomia

● Acid reflux ● Gastroparesis, indigestion, decreased motility

Vitamin and mineral malabsorption (vitamins B-12 and D, calcium, and iron)

Vitamin and mineral malabsorption (vitamins A, D, E, K, B-12; calcium; zinc; iron)

● Fluid and electrolyte imbalance ●

Vitamin and mineral malabsorption (vitamin B-12, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium)

Source: Adapted with permission from Grant BL. Pocket Guide to the Nutrition Care Process and Cancer. Appendix B: Effects of Surgical Oncology by Site. Chicago, IL; Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; 2015.