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CHAPTER 2 Pipeline Regulations and Safety Programs
liquids and gases due to the close relationship between the flammability hazard and the fire prevention code. Additional information on the role of state fire marshal personnel can be obtained from the National Association of State Fire Marshals (NASFM) at
www.firemarshals.org. State Department of the Environment (sometimes known as Natural Re-
sources or Environmental Quality)—The state Department of the Environment is responsible for the development and enforcement of environmental safety regulations, including oil pollution contingency plans. These agencies also play a major coordination role in the permitting of new pipeline routes and corri- dors. Local Fire Department—The local fire department enforces fire prevention
and hazardous materials codes that are adopted at the local level. State and County Emergency Management Agency—In many areas, emer-
gency management agencies serve as the single point-of-contact for local emer- gency planning and notification requirements and often serve as the LEPC coordination point. In addition, emergency management agencies serve as a coordinating agency in the event of a major pipeline incident.
VOLUNTARY CONSENSUS STANDARDS
Industry standards must be updated constantly to meet the changing needs and technology of the pipeline industry. In order to accomplish this task, the pipeline industry relies on and supports many organizations whose purpose is to organize, develop, and certify standards. Among the most recognized in the pipeline industry are the American Petroleum Institute (API), American Gas Association (AGA), and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
Voluntary consensus standards are normally developed through professional
organizations or trade associations as a method of improving the individual quality of a product or system. In the United States, standards are developed primarily through a consensus process whereby a committee of specialists rep- resenting varied interests writes the first draft of the standard. The document is then submitted to either a larger body of specialists or the general public, who then may amend, vote on, and approve the standard for publication. This procedure is known as the Voluntary Consensus Standards Process.
Consensus standards are voluntary guidelines and are not mandatory for
use by a business or industry. However, when a government agency adopts a voluntary standard by reference, it now becomes a regulation under the juris- diction of the adopting agency. For example, many safety-related consensus standards are adopted as a reference in OSHA regulations. Historically, a vol- untary standard improves over time as each revision reflects recent field expe- rience and new developments in technology. As users of the standard adopt it as a way of doing business, the level of safety gradually improves over time.
Section 12 of the federal National Technology Transfer and Achievement Act
of 1995 states that, “all federal agencies and departments shall use technical standards that are adopted by voluntary consensus standards as a means to carry out policy objectives or activities determined by the agencies or depart-
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