Laws, Regulations, and Standards


the overall response. For pipeline incidents, the On-Scene Coordinator will represent either EPA or the USCG based on the location of the incident. If the release or threatened release occurs in coastal areas or near major navigable waterways, the USCG will usually assume primary OSC responsibility. If the situation occurs inland and away from navigable or major waterways, the EPA will serve as the OSC. Local emergency responders should contact EPA or USCG personnel within their region to determine which agency has pri- mary responsibility and will act as the federal OSC for their respective area.


If the incident is a terrorism-related event, the Federal Bureau of Investi-


gation (FBI) will assume the role as federal OSC during the emergency re- sponse phase.


OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES New Pipeline Construction


When a pipeline company proposes a new pipeline, the general corridor of the new route is driven by market demand and supply needs. The proposed pipeline route is based on a number of factors including environmental, land use, construction, access and economics. The opportunity to follow an existing pipeline or utility easement is another important factor considered when pro- posing a new pipeline route.


All pipeline projects must follow specific federal, state, and local permitting


requirements. Federal environmental permitting requirements are established by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, and others. The number of agencies and specific permits required will vary depending on the route, type of land crossed, or ecological resources impacted. If the proposed corridor falls under the requirements of the National Environmental Protection Act, an Environ- mental Impact Statement (EIS) may be required to address potential environ- mental impacts and ways to address the environmental effects through avoidance or mitigation.


Oil Spill Response Planning


Pipeline operations involve both onshore and offshore areas, as well as coastal and inland locations. As a result, there may be confusion over who is respon- sible for emergency planning regulations and requirements. See the matrix in Figure 2.2 for a summary of specific agency responsibilities.


Incident Investigations


The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent federal agency charged by Congress with investigating every civil aviation accident in the United States and significant accidents in the other modes of trans- portation—railroad, highway, marine, and pipeline—and issuing safety rec- ommendations aimed at preventing future accidents.


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