Introduction INTRODUCTION


On-scene response operations must always be based on a structured and stan- dardized system of protocols and procedures. This chapter introduces emer- gency responders and pipeline personnel to the Incident Command System (ICS) and discusses the fundamentals of strategy and tactics as applied to pipeline incidents. It also introduces the reader to a systematic process for the tactical management of pipeline emergencies.


THE INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM


Pipeline emergencies require coordination of information and resources among the various players in order to safely and efficiently resolve the situa- tion. The Incident Command System (ICS) is an important tool for organizing and coordinating roles and responsibilities at any emergency. Understanding how the ICS works is important from both a regulatory compliance and an operational point of view.


OSHA 1910.120(q) requires that public safety and industrial emergency


response organizations use a “nationally recognized Incident Command System (ICS) for emergencies involving hazardous materials.” In addition, the establishment of a National Incident Management System (NIMS) has been recognized by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as a key element in developing a multi-hazard, national template for coordinating local, state, and federal response operations.


139


HOMELAND SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVES


Presidential Directives mandate the use of the Incident Command Sys- tem (ICS). Complex 21st century threats, exemplified by the horrific events of September 11, 2001, demand that all Americans share respon- sibility for homeland security. All levels of government, the private sector, and nongovernmental agencies must be prepared to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from a wide spectrum of major events that exceed the capabilities of any single entity. These hazards require a unified and coordinated national approach to planning and to domestic incident management. To address this need, Homeland Se- curity Presidential Directive 5: Management of Domestic Incidents (HSPD-5) and Homeland Security Presidential Directive 8: National Preparedness (HSPD-8) establish the following national initiatives that develop a common approach to preparedness and response. HSPD-5, “Management of Domestic Incidents,” identifies steps for


improved coordination in response to incidents. It requires the Depart- ment of Homeland Security (DHS) to coordinate with other federal departments and agencies and state, local, and tribal governments to


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