246
GLOSSARY
are assigned on an immediately available basis until they are needed.
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). A written document or instruction detailing all steps and activities of a process or procedure. ISO 22000 requires the documentation of all procedures used in any manufacturing process that could affect the quality of the product.
State Emergency Response Commission (SERC). The Emergency Planning and Commun- ity Right-to-Know Act required the Governor of each state designate a State Emergency Response Commission (SERC). Many SERCs include public agencies and departments concerned with issues relating to environment, natural resources, emer- gency services, public health, occupational safety, and transportation. Also, interested public and private sector groups and associations with expe- rience in emergency planning and Community Right-to-Know issues may be included in the State commission.
Static Electricity. An accumulated electrical charge. In order for static electricity to act as an ignition source, four conditions must be fulfilled:
• There must be an effective means of static gen- eration.
• There must be a means of accumulating the static charge build-up.
• There must be a spark discharge of adequate energy to serve as an ignition source (i.e., incendive spark).
• The spark must occur in a flammable mixture.
Strategic Goals. The overall plan that will be used to control an incident. Strategic goals are broad in nature and are achieved by the comple- tion of tactical objectives. Examples include rescue, spill control, leak control, and recovery.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). Cracking of a pipeline from the combined influence of tensile strength and a corrosive medium in both liquid and natural gas pipelines.
Structural Fire Fighting Protective Clothing. Protective clothing normally worn by firefighters during structural fire fighting operations. It includes a helmet, coat, pants, boots, gloves, PASS device, and a hood to cover parts of the head not protected by the helmet. Structural fire fighting clothing provides limited protection from heat, but may not provide adequate protec-
tion from harmful liquids, gases, vapors or dusts encountered during hazmat incidents. May also be referred to as turnout or bunker clothing.
Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act (SARA). Created for the purpose of estab- lishing federal statutes for right-to-know stan- dards, emergency response to hazardous materi- als incidents, reauthorized the federal Superfund program, and mandated states to implement equivalent regulations/requirements.
Surge Pressure. Pressure produced by a change in velocity of the moving stream within a pipeline that results from shutting down a pump station or pumping unit, the closure of a valve, or any other blockage of the moving stream.
Stress Corrosion Cracking. The cracking of a pipeline from the combined influence of tensile stress and a corrosive medium. It has been asso- ciated with both liquid and natural gas pipelines.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System. Computerized system for monitoring and controlling pipeline operations from a Pipeline Control Center. Computer screens and analog readings provide control cen- ter operators with an ongoing display of pipeline pressure, temperature, flow, alarms and other conditions in the pipeline from all of the stations along the pipeline.
Supplied Air Respirator (SAR). Positive pres- sure respirator that is supplied by either an air- line hose or breathing air cylinders connected to the respirator by a short airline (or pigtail). When used in IDLH atmospheres, require a secondary source of air supply.
Sweet Crude. Crude oil with a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide.
T
Tactical Objectives. The specific operations that must be accomplished to achieve strategic goals. Tactical objectives must be both specific and measurable.
Tasks. The specific activities that accomplish a tactical objective.
Technical Decontamination. The planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Achievable
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